Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I
Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I Hay Camp | |
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Indian reserve | |
Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ Indian Reserve No. 196I | |
![]() Boundaries of Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I | |
![]() Location in Alberta | |
First Nation | Smith's Landing |
Treaty | 8 |
Country | Canada |
Province | Alberta |
Specialized municipality | Wood Buffalo |
Area [1] | |
• Total | 213.0 ha (526.3 acres) |
Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I,[2] also known as Hay Camp, is an Indian reserve in northern Alberta, Canada.[3] The reserve is one of ten reserves under the governance of the Smith's Landing First Nation,[2] known in their language as the Dene Ch'anie. The reserve is located on the west bank of Slave River within Wood Buffalo National Park, and comprises 213 ha (530 acres).
Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I is approximately 113 km (70 mi) north of Fort Chipewyan, and 62 km (39 mi) south of Fort Smith, Northwest Territories. An all-weather road, named Hay Camp Road, connects the reserve to Fort Smith and Fitzgerald.
Name and etymology
The name ʔejëre K’elnı Kuę́ comes from the Dënesųłiné (Chipewyan) language of the Smith's Landing First Nation. It is properly spelled with a capital ʔ character, which represents a glottal stop in many Canadian First Nations languages. Because this character is not found on most Canadian keyboards, it is sometimes transcribed as a ?, P, or 7. Variant spellings include Ejere K'elni Kue, ?Ejere K'elni Kue, ɂejere K'elni Kųe,[4] and Pejere Kʼelni Kue.[5]
The first mentions of "Hay Camp" come from the turn of the 20th century, reflecting the area's status as one of many hay meadows and stopping-places along the Peace and Slave Rivers. The earliest period literature refers to the site as "Russell's Hay Camp", probably operated by Jack Russell, a Métis riverman.[6]
History
Before the advent of air travel, the Slave River was the primary transportation corridor through the region, and ʔejëre K’elnı Kuę́, then known as Hay Camp, served as an important stopping place between Fort Chipewyan and Fort Smith. Most notably, though, Wood Buffalo National Park was established in 1922, and Hay Camp was chosen as the residence of the Chief Park Warden. As the park's superintendent then performed most of his duties from Ottawa, Hay Camp thus served as its de facto administrative center. As early as 1923, the meadows around Hay Camp were being cut to provide winter feed for the park wardens' horses, and by the spring of 1925 a house, stable, and warehouse had been constructed on the site.
In 1952, it was decided to conduct the park's annual buffalo slaughter at a permanent abattoir in Hay Camp, and to sell the meat commercially. By this time, most of the park's administrative functions had moved to Fort Smith. When the abattoir closed in 1967, Hay Camp gradually lost its importance as an operational headquarters. In the 1970s and 1980s, the site served as a fire base, but this was closed in 1992, the base moving to Pine Lake elsewhere in the park.
In 1994, a decision was made to remove all man-made structures and debris from Hay Camp, returning the site to a "natural state". By 1995, Hay Camp had been entirely abandoned. The last remaining structures, the cabin and fire tower, were removed in 1999.[6][7]
Today, all that remains is the spirit of the place and the memories of those who lived and worked there.
— Parks Canada, Hay Camp/Ejere K'elni Kue: A Social and Land Use History (2001)
When the Smith's Landing First Nation (SLFN) was established on May 6, 2000, the band was entitled to select certain lands to serve as reserve sites, and Hay Camp was one such location. As a result, the site officially became known as ʔejëre K’elnı Kuę́, and was removed from the jurisdiction of the Park. Throughout the 20th century, many of the SLFN's people had worked for the various Park operations at Hay Camp. In a co-management agreement, both the SLFN and Parks Canada have stated their intent to collaboratively interpret the site's history.[8]
References
- ^ "Reserve/Settlement/Village Detail". Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
- ^ a b "Smith's Landing First Nation". Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
- ^ "Reserve Information". Aboriginal Canada Portal. Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
- ^ Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation. "Place names - ɂejere K'elni Kųe 196I". Canadian Geographical Names Database. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
- ^ "Notes from Lands and Resources". Smith's Landing First Nation. May 18, 2010. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
- ^ a b "The Establishment of the Government Hay Camp". Hay Camp/Ejere K'elni Kue: A Social and Land Use History (PDF). Winnipeg, Manitoba: Parks Canada. 2001. pp. 12–22. ISBN 0-662-30802-6.
- ^ "Hay Camp Since the 1980s: "Return to a Natural State"". Hay Camp/Ejere K'elni Kue: A Social and Land Use History (PDF). Winnipeg, Manitoba: Parks Canada. 2001. pp. 70–72. ISBN 0-662-30802-6.
- ^ "Foreword". Hay Camp/Ejere K'elni Kue: A Social and Land Use History (PDF). Winnipeg, Manitoba: Parks Canada. 2001. pp. ix–xiv. ISBN 0-662-30802-6.
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service areas
- Alexander
- Alexis
- Allison Bay 219
- Amber River 211
- Assineau River 150F
- Beaver Lake 131
- Beaver Ranch
- Bistcho Lake 213
- Blood
- Blue Quills
- Boyer 164
- Buck Lake 133C
- Bushe River 207
- Charles Lake 225
- Child Lake 164A
- Chipewyan
- Clear Hills 152C
- Clearwater 175
- Cold Lake
- Collin Lake 223
- Cornwall Lake 224
- Cowper Lake 194A
- Devil's Gate 220
- Dog Head 218
- Driftpile River 150
- Duncan's 151A
- Enoch Cree Nation 135
- Ermineskin 138
- Fort McKay
- Fort Vermilion 173B
- Fox Lake 162
- Gregoire Lake 176
- Hay Lake 209
- Heart Lake
- Hokédhe Kué 196E
- Horse Lakes 152B
- Jackfish Point 214
- Janvier 194
- Jean Baptiste Gambler 183
- John D'Or Prairie 215
- Kapawe'no
- Kehewin 123
- K’ı Kué 196D
- Łı̨ Dezé 196C
- Loon Lake 235
- Loon Prairie 237
- Louis Bull 138B
- Makaoo 120
- Montana 139
- Namur Lake 174B
- Namur River 174A
- O'Chiese
- Old Fort 217
- Peace Point 222
- Peerless Trout 238
- Peigan Timber Limit B
- Pigeon Lake 138A
- Piikani 147
- Puskiakiwenin 122
- Saddle Lake 125
- Samson 137
- Sandy Point 221
- Sawridge
- Siksika 146
- Stoney Nakoda
- Sturgeon Lake 154
- Sucker Creek 150A
- Sunchild 202
- Swampy Lake 236
- Swan River 150E
- Tallcree
- Tthebacha Náre 196A
- Tthebatthıe 196
- Ts’u K’adhe Kué 196F
- Ts’u Nedhé 196H
- Ts’u Kué 196G
- Tsuu Tina 145
- Tthejëre Ghaı̨lı̨ 196B
- Unipouheos 121
- Upper Hay River 212
- Utikoomak Lake
- Wabamun
- Wabasca
- Wadlin Lake 173C
- Whitefish Lake 128
- William McKenzie 151K
- Winefred Lake 194B
- Woodland Cree
- Zama Lake 210
- ʔejëre K’elnı Kuę́ 196I
- Carcajou
- Cadotte Lake
- Desmarais
- Fort McKay
- Garden Creek
- Little Buffalo
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59°31′27″N 111°27′57″W / 59.52417°N 111.46583°W / 59.52417; -111.46583