1986 Speedway World Team Cup
The 1986 Speedway World Team Cup was the 27th edition of the FIM Speedway World Team Cup to determine the team world champions.[1][2]
A new format was started in 1986 whereby teams were seeded into groups, with Group 1 containing the leading nations competing over three legs to determine the champions. A promotion and relegation system was in place for the groups. Denmark won all three legs and therefore easily won their fourth consecutive title (and sixth in total) equalling Sweden's six titles and moving into equal second place in the all time list. It was also Hans Nielsen's sixth gold medal having taken part in all of Denmark's title wins.[3][4][5]
Group 4
Day | Venue | Winner | |
---|---|---|---|
Teams ranked 13–16 | |||
4 May | ![]() | ![]() | |
22 June | ![]() | ![]() | |
18 August | ![]() | ![]() | |
7 September | ![]() | ![]() |
- Winner promoted to Group 3 in 1987
Round 1
- 4 May 1986
Matija Gubec Stadium, Krsko
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Siegfried Eder (2,0,-,X,-) - 2 Heinrich Schatzer (3,3,3,2,3) - 14 Toni Pilotto (3,2,0,3,2) - 10 Adi Funk (3,2,2,1,-) - 8 Walter Nebel (-,-,3,-,3/3) - 9 | ![]() Frits Koppe (1,1,-,3,2) - 7 Rob Steman (1,3,1,-,-) - 4 Leo Bathoorn (2,2,1,-,1) - 6 Henk Steman (2,3,1,0,-) - 6 Henny Kroeze (-,-,3,3/3,3/1) - 13 | ![]() Per Magne Levang (0,-,-,2,-) - 2 Ingvar Skogland (0,2,-,0,1) - 3 Willy Tjessem (2,1,0,2,2) - 7 Arnt Førland (3,3,2,2,0) - 10 Jan Arild Slaata (-,X,2,0,1) - 3 | ![]() Zvone Gerjevic (1,-,0,0,-) - 1 Artur Horvat (1,0,-,1,0) - 2 Albert Kocmut (0,0,-,-,0) - 0 Zvonko Pavlic (0,1,3,0,2) - 6 Krešo Omerzel (-,0,2/1,1,0) - 4 |
Round 2
- 22 June 1986
Geiteryggen Speedwaybane, Skien
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Heinrich Schatzer - 13 Adi Funk - 11 Walter Nebel - 11 Siegfried Eder - 9 Toni Pilotto - NS | ![]() Henny Kroeze - 14 Frits Koppe - 11 Rob Steman - 8 Henk Steman - 2 Leo Bathoorn - 2 | ![]() Thor Halvorsroed - 9 Willy Tjessem - 8 Ingvar Skogland - 6 Arnt Førland - 4 Per Magne Levang - 1 | ![]() Krešo Omerzel - 4 Lazar Caba - 4 Zvone Gerjevic - 2 Zdravko Tominac - 1 |
Round 3
- 18 August 1986
Olympic Stadium, Amsterdam
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Ingvar Skogland - 13 Einar Kyllingstad - 12 Tor Einar Hielm - 8 Arnt Førland - 6 Willy Tjessem - 2 | ![]() Walter Nebel - 13 Siegfried Eder - 9 Toni Pilotto - 8 Robert Funk - 4 Adi Funk - 2 | ![]() Henny Kroeze - 14 Frits Koppe - 10 Henk Steman - 8 Leo Bathoorn - 2 Robert Jan Munnecom - 0 | ![]() Piet Seur* - 2 Ron van Dam* - 2 Joze Zibert - 2 Wil Stroes* - 1 |
- 3 Yugoslav riders did not arrive at Amsterdam, and were then banned from appearing in the Wiener Neustadt round by the Yugoslav Federation. At Amsterdam they were replaced by Dutch reserves, whose points did not count in the Yugoslav team score.
Round 4
- 7 September 1986
Stadion Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Walter Nebel (3,3,3,3,3) - 15 Toni Pilotto (3,1,-,1,-) - 5 Siegfried Eder (3,2,-,3,3) - 11 Robert Funk (3,3,2,-,-) - 8 Heinrich Schatzer (-,-,3/3,3,3/3) - 15 | ![]() Frits Koppe (2,3,2,2,2) - 11 Henk Steman (1,1,-,2,-) - 4 Rob Steman (1,1,1,-,1) - 4 Leo Bathoorn (1,0,-,1,-) - 2 Henny Kroeze (-,-,2/3,3,2/2) - 12 | ![]() Jan Arild Slaata (0,-,1,-,1) - 2 Tor Einar Hielm (2,3,2,1,1) - 9 Robert Langeland (2,2,1,2,1) - 8 Arnt Førland (2,2,E,2,2) - 8 Thor Halversroed (-,2,-,F,-) - 2 | ![]() Franc Kalin (1,1,0,F,0) - 1 Joze Zibert (0,0,0,0,0) - 0 Gregor Pintar (0,0,1,0,0) - 1 Gorazd Gorjup (F,0,0,1,0) - 1 |
Group 3
Day | Venue | Winner | |
---|---|---|---|
Teams ranked 9–12 | |||
22 June | ![]() | ![]() | |
10 August | ![]() | ![]() | |
7 September | ![]() | ![]() |
- Winner promoted to Group 2 in 1987 ; 4th relegated to Group 4 in 1987
Round 1
- 22 June 1986
Santa Marina Stadium, Lonigo
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Armando Castagna - 14 Valentino Furlanetto - 13 Armando Dal Chiele - 9 Gianni Famari - 8 | ![]() Kai Niemi - 14 Juha Moksunen - 11 Ari Koponen - 10 Olli Tyrväinen - 7 Roy Malminheimo - 0 | ![]() József Petrikovics - 6 Zoltán Adorján - 6 László Bódi - 5 János Balogh - 4 Sándor Tihanyi - 1 | ![]() Larry Ross - 7 David Bargh - 3 Kym Mauger - 1 Derek MacKay - 1 |
Round 2
- 10 August 1986
Eteläpuisto, Tampere
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Kai Niemi - 12 Juha Moksunen - 10 Olli Tyrväinen - 9 Vesa Ylinen - 7 Ari Koponen - 3 | ![]() Armando Castagna - 10 Paolo Salvatelli - 8 Armando Dal Chiele - 7 Mariano Castagna - 6 Valentino Furlanetto - 1 | ![]() József Petrikovics - 11 László Bódi - 10 János Balogh - 7 Atilla Kovacs - 2 Zoltán Hajdú - 0 | ![]() David Bargh - 11 Larry Ross - 6 Alan Mason - 0 Kym Mauger - 0 |
Round 3
- 7 September 1986
Gázvezeték Street Sports Complex, Debrecen
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Sándor Tihanyi - 13 József Petrikovics - 8 János Balogh - 6 Antal Kocso - 6 László Bódi - 2 | ![]() Kai Niemi - 11 Ari Koponen - 9 Olli Tyrväinen - 6 Juha Moksunen - 5 Vesa Ylinen - 0 | ![]() Valentino Furlanetto - 8 Gianni Famari - 8 Armando Dal Chiele - 7 Paolo Salvatelli - 6 Ottoviano Righetto - 0 | ![]() Larry Ross - 11 David Bargh - 9 Alan Mason - 4 Derek MacKay - 0 |
Group 2
Day | Venue | Winner | |
---|---|---|---|
Teams ranked 5–8 | |||
4 May | ![]() | ![]() | |
22 June | ![]() | ![]() | |
10 August | ![]() | ![]() | |
6 September | ![]() | ![]() |
- Winner promoted to Group 1 in 1987 ; 4th relegated to Group 3 in 1987
Round 1
- 4 May 1986
Breitenthal Speedway Stadium, Krumbach
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Phil Crump (3,3,3,-,2) - 11 Steve Regeling (3,3,3,1,3) - 13 Steve Baker (3,3,1,2,3) - 12 David Cheshire (1,3,3,3,1) - 11 Mark Carlson (-,-,-,2,-) - 2 | ![]() Roman Matoušek (2,2,1,3,2) - 10 Antonín Kasper Jr. (2,1,0,-,2) - 5 Stanislav Urban (1,-,3,2,2) - 8 Petr Vandírek (1,0,-,3,0) - 4 Lubomír Jedek (-,0,2,X,-) - 2 | ![]() Egon Müller (2,0,2,E,3) - 7 Karl Maier (0,1,0,3,3) - 7 Klaus Lausch (1,1,0,1,-) - 3 Gerd Riss (0,2,2,0,1) - 5 Hans Faltermeier (-,-,-,-,0) - 0 | ![]() Wojciech Żabiałowicz (0,1,1,1,1) - 4 Roman Jankowski (3,2,0,2,0) - 7 Andrzej Huszcza (0,0,1,0,1) - 2 Zenon Kasprzak (2,2,2,1,E) - 7 Maciej Jaworek - NS |
Round 2
- 22 June 1986
Speedway Žarnovica, Zarnovica
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Roman Matoušek - 9 Stanislav Urban - 9 Antonín Kasper Jr. - 8 Petr Vandírek - 6 Lubomír Jedek - 1 | ![]() Zenon Kasprzak - 12 Roman Jankowski - 9 Janusz Stachyra - 6 Maciej Jaworek - 4 Wojciech Żabiałowicz - 1 | ![]() Karl Maier - 13 Gerd Riss - 10 Heinz Huber - 3 Hans Faltermeier - 2 Klaus Lausch - 0 | ![]() Steve Baker - 9 Steve Regeling - 7 Phil Crump - 7 Dave Jackson - 2 Alan Rivett - 2 |
Round 3
- 10 August 1986
Motodrom Halbemond, Norden
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Antonín Kasper Jr. - 12 Stanislav Urban - 11 Petr Vandírek - 11 Lubomír Jedek - 11 | ![]() Steve Baker - 11 Steve Regeling - 7 Phil Crump - 7 Mark Fiora - 5 | ![]() Karl Maier - 8 Klaus Lausch - 7 Gerd Riss - 6 Hans Faltermeier - 3 Peter Hehlert - 0 | ![]() Andrzej Huszcza - 7 Zenon Plech - 7 Roman Jankowski - 4 Zenon Kasprzak - 4 |
Round 4
- 6 September 1986
Alfred Smoczyk Stadium, Leszno
First | Second | Third | Fourth |
---|---|---|---|
![]() Andrzej Huszcza - 12 Ryszard Dołomisiewicz - 11 Zenon Kasprzak - 9 Roman Jankowski - 9 Grzegorz Dzikowski - 1 | ![]() Lubomír Jedek - 7 Petr Vandírek - 7 Pavel Karnas - 7 Stanislav Urban - 6 Antonín Kasper Jr. - 3 | ![]() Steve Baker - 11 Steve Regeling - 7 Phil Crump - 7 Mark Fiora - 3 Dave Jackson - 1 | ![]() Gerd Riss - 9 Hans Faltermeier - 6 Klaus Lausch - 3 Michal Stachyra (guest) - 1 |
World final group
Day | Venue | Winner | |
---|---|---|---|
Teams ranked 1–4 | |||
7 August | ![]() | ![]() | |
8 August | ![]() | ![]() | |
17 August | ![]() | ![]() |
- 4th relegated to Group 2 in 1987
Round 1
Placing | Team / Rider name | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pts | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
1 | ![]() | 39 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 20 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 33 | 34 | 37 | 39 | |
(13) Erik Gundersen | 11 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(14) Hans Nielsen | 10 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(15) Tommy Knudsen | 8 | 1 | F | 3 | 3 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(16) Jan O. Pedersen | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(20) John Jørgensen | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
2 | ![]() | 35 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 32 | 34 | 35 | |
(5) Jan Andersson | 11 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(6) Jimmy Nilsen | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(7) Per Jonsson | 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(8) Tommy Nilsson | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
(18) Erik Stenlund | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
3 | ![]() | 29 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 29 | 29 | |
(1) Simon Wigg | 7 | 3 | 1 | E | 3 | 7 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
(2) Neil Evitts | 8 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(3) Jeremy Doncaster | 2 | 2 | - | 0 | - | 2 | - | ||||||||||||||||
(4) Chris Morton | 8 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(17) Kelvin Tatum | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
4 | ![]() | 17 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 17 | |
(9) Bobby Schwartz | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
(10) Sam Ermolenko | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | F | 3 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
(11) Lance King | 1 | 0 | E | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(12) Shawn Moran | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(19) Rick Miller | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Team / Rider name | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pts | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell
Helmet colours were permanent for each team (Red, Blue, White and Yellow/Black). Colours in diagrams indicate gate positions: | |||
gate A – inside | gate B | gate C | gate D – outside |
Round 2
- 8 August 1986
Speedway Center, Vojens
- Att: 13,000
- Ref: C Ringstrom (Swe)
Placing | Team / Rider name | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pts | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
1 | ![]() | 48 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 19 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 30 | 31 | 34 | 36 | 39 | 41 | 44 | 46 | 48 | |
(5) Erik Gundersen | 14 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(6) Hans Nielsen | 13 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(7) Tommy Knudsen | 12 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(8) Jan O. Pedersen | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | ||||||||||||||||
(18) John Jørgensen | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
2 | ![]() | 29 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 25 | 28 | 29 | |
(9) Bobby Schwartz | 0 | F | E | - | - | 0 | - | ||||||||||||||||
(10) Sam Ermolenko | 11 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(11) Lance King | 7 | 2 | 2 | F | 1 | 5 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(12) Shawn Moran | 10 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(19) Rick Miller | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
3 | ![]() | 23 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 23 | |
(1) Simon Wigg | 10 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(2) Neil Evitts | 0 | X | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | ||||||||||||||||
(3) Jeremy Doncaster | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | - | ||||||||||||||||
(4) Chris Morton | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
(17) Kelvin Tatum | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
4 | ![]() | 19 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | |
(13) Jan Andersson | 7 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(14) Jimmy Nilsen | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | F | 2 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
(15) Tommy Nilsson | 2 | 2 | 0 | - | 0 | 2 | - | ||||||||||||||||
(16) Per Jonsson | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
(20) Erik Stenlund | 0 | F | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Team / Rider name | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pts | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell
Helmet colours were permanent for each team (Red, Blue, White and Yellow/Black). Colours in diagrams indicate gate positions: | |||
gate A – inside | gate B | gate C | gate D – outside |
Round 3
- 17 August 1986
Odsal Stadium, Bradford
- Att: 3,585
- Ref: R Randborg (Swe)
Placing | Team / Rider name | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pts | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
1 | ![]() | 42 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 20 | 23 | 23 | 26 | 29 | 31 | 33 | 35 | 38 | 38 | 41 | 42 | |
(13) Erik Gundersen | 8 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 | E | ||||||||||||||||
(14) Hans Nielsen | 12 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(15) Tommy Knudsen | 13 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(16) Jan O. Pedersen | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(20) John Jørgensen | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
2 | ![]() | 30 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 25 | 27 | 30 | |
(1) Bobby Schwartz | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | 1 | - | ||||||||||||||||
(2) Sam Ermolenko | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(3) Lance King | 11 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(4) Shawn Moran | 8 | 0 | 3 | 2 | F | 5 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(17) Rick Miller | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
3 | ![]() | 29 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 20 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 29 | 29 | |
(5) Simon Wigg | 7 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7 | E | ||||||||||||||||
(6) Chris Morton | 7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(7) Kelvin Tatum | 8 | 3 | 0 | F | 3 | 6 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(8) Jeremy Doncaster | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | 5 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(18) Marvyn Cox | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
4 | ![]() | 19 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 19 | |
(9) Per Jonsson | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(10) Erik Stenlund | 1 | E | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | - | ||||||||||||||||
(11) Jimmy Nilsen | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
(12) Jan Andersson | 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(19) Tony Olsson | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Team / Rider name | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pts | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell
Helmet colours were permanent for each team (Red, Blue, White and Yellow/Black). Colours in diagrams indicate gate positions: | |||
gate A – inside | gate B | gate C | gate D – outside |
Final standings
Pos | Team | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | Match Pts | Table Pts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Denmark | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 129 | 9 |
2 | United States | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 76 | 4 |
3 | England | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 81 | 3 |
4 | Sweden | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 73 | 2 |
See also
References
- ^ Matthews/Morrison, Peter/Ian (1987). The Guinness Encyclopaedia of Sports Records and Results. Guinness Superlatives. p. 290. ISBN 0-85112-492-5.
- ^ "1986 WORLD TEAM CUP". International Speedway. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
- ^ "World Team Cup 1960-1990". Edinburgh Speedway. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ "FIM SPEEDWAY WORLD CUP/ SPEEDWAY OF NATIONS" (PDF). Motor Sport Top 20. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ "Speedway riders, history and results". wwosbackup. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
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