In mathematics, the Bockstein spectral sequence is a spectral sequence relating the homology with mod p coefficients and the homology reduced mod p. It is named after Meyer Bockstein.
Definition
Let C be a chain complex of torsion-free abelian groups and p a prime number. Then we have the exact sequence:
![{\displaystyle 0\longrightarrow C{\overset {p}{\longrightarrow }}C{\overset {{\text{mod}}p}{\longrightarrow }}C\otimes \mathbb {Z} /p\longrightarrow 0.}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf04e7b1d3f04d9e9b8391ac8e20d0284279a1f1)
Taking integral homology H, we get the exact couple of "doubly graded" abelian groups:
![{\displaystyle H_{*}(C){\overset {i=p}{\longrightarrow }}H_{*}(C){\overset {j}{\longrightarrow }}H_{*}(C\otimes \mathbb {Z} /p){\overset {k}{\longrightarrow }}.}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/38412f1f11fd55a27f07b200a56a14ddce7905d9)
where the grading goes:
and the same for
This gives the first page of the spectral sequence: we take
with the differential
. The derived couple of the above exact couple then gives the second page and so forth. Explicitly, we have
that fits into the exact couple:
![{\displaystyle D^{r}{\overset {i=p}{\longrightarrow }}D^{r}{\overset {{}^{r}j}{\longrightarrow }}E^{r}{\overset {k}{\longrightarrow }}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/46b13b513d2fb9864f7ecdabb1c406894b066100)
where
and
(the degrees of i, k are the same as before). Now, taking
of
![{\displaystyle 0\longrightarrow \mathbb {Z} {\overset {p}{\longrightarrow }}\mathbb {Z} \longrightarrow \mathbb {Z} /p\longrightarrow 0,}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea38c1d0d7f3b5100bf2a9b1202c069f84ab31d6)
we get:
.
This tells the kernel and cokernel of
. Expanding the exact couple into a long exact sequence, we get: for any r,
.
When
, this is the same thing as the universal coefficient theorem for homology.
Assume the abelian group
is finitely generated; in particular, only finitely many cyclic modules of the form
can appear as a direct summand of
. Letting
we thus see
is isomorphic to
.
References
- McCleary, John (2001), A User's Guide to Spectral Sequences, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, vol. 58 (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-56759-6, MR 1793722
- J. P. May, A primer on spectral sequences