Foreign relations of Paraguay
Politics of Paraguay |
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Foreign relations |
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Paraguayan foreign policy has concentrated on maintaining good relations with its neighbors, and it has been an active proponent of regional co-operation. It is a member of the United Nations and has served one term in the UN Security Council in 1967-1969. It maintains membership in several international financial institutions, including the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. It also belongs to the Organization of American States, the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI), the Rio Group, INTERPOL, MERCOSUR (the Southern Cone Common Market) and UNASUR.
At the political level, diplomatic affairs and international relations of Paraguay are officially handled by the Ministry of Foreign Relations, which answers to the executive branch of the government. Minister of Foreign Relations 2018 -2019 was Luis Alberto Castiglioni.[1]
Unlike any other country in South America, Paraguay recognizes the Republic of China instead of the People's Republic of China. Paraguay presently is the largest country maintaining official diplomatic relations with the Republic of China.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Paraguay maintains diplomatic relations with:
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# | Country | Date[2] |
1 | ![]() | 3 June 1831[3] |
2 | ![]() | 31 July 1841[4] |
3 | ![]() | 22 July 1843[5] |
4 | ![]() | 1844[6] |
5 | ![]() | 15 June 1845[7] |
6 | ![]() | 4 March 1853[8] |
7 | ![]() | 2 November 1853[9] |
8 | ![]() | 26 November 1861[10] |
9 | ![]() | 1867[11] |
10 | ![]() | 27 July 1870[12] |
— | ![]() | 31 December 1877[13] |
11 | ![]() | 9 November 1878[14] |
12 | ![]() | 15 October 1879[15] |
13 | ![]() | 10 September 1880[16] |
14 | ![]() | 15 December 1880[17] |
15 | ![]() | 1880[18] |
16 | ![]() | 18 June 1881[19] |
17 | ![]() | 17 February 1883[20] |
18 | ![]() | 1883[21] |
19 | ![]() | 1887[22] |
20 | ![]() | 7 August 1891[23] |
21 | ![]() | 15 February 1894[24] |
22 | ![]() | 18 February 1902[25] |
23 | ![]() | 18 July 1903[26] |
24 | ![]() | 9 November 1903[27] |
25 | ![]() | 9 November 1903[27] |
26 | ![]() | 9 November 1903[27] |
27 | ![]() | 2 April 1906[28] |
28 | ![]() | 1 May 1907[29] |
29 | ![]() | 17 November 1919[30] |
30 | ![]() | 16 March 1920[31] |
31 | ![]() | 2 May 1920[32] |
32 | ![]() | 24 February 1923[33] |
33 | ![]() | 14 February 1936[34] |
34 | ![]() | 31 October 1942[35] |
35 | ![]() | January 1949[36] |
36 | ![]() | 8 February 1952[37] |
37 | ![]() | 11 September 1953[38] |
38 | ![]() | 18 January 1956[31] |
39 | ![]() | 2 October 1956[27] |
— | ![]() | 8 July 1957[39] |
40 | ![]() | 12 May 1958[40] |
41 | ![]() | 1959[41] |
42 | ![]() | 13 September 1961[42] |
43 | ![]() | 12 June 1962[43] |
44 | ![]() | 5 July 1962[44] |
45 | ![]() | 12 December 1962[45] |
46 | ![]() | 17 December 1962[46] |
47 | ![]() | 20 November 1963[47] |
48 | ![]() | 1964[48] |
49 | ![]() | 26 February 1965[49] |
50 | ![]() | 23 October 1967[50] |
51 | ![]() | 3 April 1974[51] |
52 | ![]() | 2 December 1974[52] |
53 | ![]() | 29 November 1981[53] |
54 | ![]() | 27 May 1988[54] |
55 | ![]() | 22 June 1989 |
56 | ![]() | 17 November 1989[55] |
57 | ![]() | 2 May 1991 |
58 | ![]() | 25 February 1992[56] |
59 | ![]() | 13 March 1992[57] |
60 | ![]() | 14 May 1992[58] |
61 | ![]() | 28 May 1992 |
62 | ![]() | 3 June 1992 |
63 | ![]() | 2 July 1992 |
64 | ![]() | 2 July 1992 |
65 | ![]() | 28 July 1992 |
66 | ![]() | 29 July 1992 |
67 | ![]() | 2 November 1992 |
68 | ![]() | 10 November 1992 |
69 | ![]() | 18 November 1992 |
70 | ![]() | 20 November 1992 |
71 | ![]() | 2 December 1992 |
72 | ![]() | 10 December 1992 |
73 | ![]() | 8 January 1993[59] |
74 | ![]() | 17 February 1993 |
75 | ![]() | 19 February 1993 |
76 | ![]() | 23 February 1993 |
77 | ![]() | 26 February 1993 |
78 | ![]() | 3 March 1993 |
79 | ![]() | 23 April 1993 |
80 | ![]() | 27 May 1993[60] |
81 | ![]() | 18 June 1993 |
82 | ![]() | 3 December 1993 |
83 | ![]() | 14 April 1994 |
84 | ![]() | 24 May 1994 |
85 | ![]() | 27 October 1994 |
86 | ![]() | 3 February 1995 |
87 | ![]() | 23 March 1995 |
88 | ![]() | 30 May 1995 |
89 | ![]() | 27 September 1995[27] |
90 | ![]() | 8 April 1996 |
91 | ![]() | 3 October 1997 |
— | ![]() | 9 February 2000[61][62] |
92 | ![]() | 15 May 2001 |
93 | ![]() | 27 August 2001[63] |
94 | ![]() | 8 October 2001 |
95 | ![]() | 8 November 2002 |
96 | ![]() | 3 April 2003[64] |
97 | ![]() | 17 June 2003[65] |
98 | ![]() | 17 March 2004 |
99 | ![]() | 20 April 2004 |
100 | ![]() | 8 July 2004 |
101 | ![]() | 20 September 2004[66] |
102 | ![]() | 13 December 2004 |
— | ![]() | 26 March 2005[67] |
103 | ![]() | 6 May 2005 |
104 | ![]() | 11 May 2005[68] |
105 | ![]() | 28 September 2005 |
106 | ![]() | 3 November 2005 |
107 | ![]() | 15 November 2005 |
108 | ![]() | 15 November 2005 |
109 | ![]() | 17 April 2006[69] |
110 | ![]() | 2 August 2006 |
111 | ![]() | 30 August 2006[70] |
112 | ![]() | 23 March 2007[71] |
113 | ![]() | 3 April 2007[71] |
114 | ![]() | 5 June 2007 |
115 | ![]() | 21 June 2007[71] |
116 | ![]() | 13 July 2007 |
117 | ![]() | 16 July 2007 |
118 | ![]() | 26 October 2007 |
119 | ![]() | 2007[72] |
120 | ![]() | 18 February 2009[73] |
121 | ![]() | 3 April 2009 |
122 | ![]() | 9 July 2009 |
123 | ![]() | 22 September 2009 |
124 | ![]() | 25 September 2009 |
125 | ![]() | 9 March 2010 |
126 | ![]() | March 2010[74] |
127 | ![]() | March 2010[74] |
128 | ![]() | 23 April 2010[75] |
129 | ![]() | 18 May 2010 |
130 | ![]() | 18 June 2010 |
131 | ![]() | 25 June 2010[76] |
132 | ![]() | 22 July 2010 |
133 | ![]() | 28 September 2010[77] |
134 | ![]() | 28 September 2010 |
135 | ![]() | 28 September 2010[78] |
136 | ![]() | 29 September 2010[79] |
137 | ![]() | 22 December 2010 |
138 | ![]() | 2010[80] |
139 | ![]() | 2010[80] |
140 | ![]() | 28 January 2011[81] |
141 | ![]() | 9 February 2011 |
142 | ![]() | 4 May 2011[82] |
143 | ![]() | 5 May 2011[83] |
144 | ![]() | 2 June 2011[84] |
145 | ![]() | 29 March 2012 |
146 | ![]() | 23 May 2012[85] |
147 | ![]() | 5 June 2012[86] |
148 | ![]() | 14 June 2012[87] |
149 | ![]() | 22 March 2013[88] |
150 | ![]() | 5 March 2015[89] |
151 | ![]() | 21 September 2016 |
152 | ![]() | 21 September 2016 |
153 | ![]() | 21 September 2016 |
154 | ![]() | 28 July 2017 |
155 | ![]() | 11 October 2018 |
156 | ![]() | 1 November 2018 |
157 | ![]() | 26 September 2019 |
158 | ![]() | 15 June 2021[90] |
159 | ![]() | 17 June 2021[91] |
160 | ![]() | 20 October 2021 |
161 | ![]() | 1 April 2022[92] |
162 | ![]() | 18 September 2022 |
163 | ![]() | 24 October 2022[93] |
164 | ![]() | 18 April 2023 |
165 | ![]() | 13 July 2023 |
166 | ![]() | 13 July 2023 |
Bilateral relations
Africa
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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![]() | 2000-02-09 | Paraguay recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. In January 2014, Paraguay officially suspends its relations with Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.[95] |
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Americas
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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![]() | 1811 | See Argentina–Paraguay relations
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![]() | See Bolivia–Paraguay relations In 2009 Bolivian President Evo Morales and Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo signed an agreement settling a border dispute, which had led to the Chaco War in the 1930s. President Lugo expressed the hope that natural resources could now "be developed and used by both countries" [100] Relations, as with many countries in the area, have had increased tension since the Paraguay impeachment in 2012.
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![]() | See Brazil–Paraguay relations Paraguay–Brazil relations have improved greatly after Brazilian President Lula's decision in 2009 to triple its payments to Paraguay for energy from a massive hydro-electric dam on their border, ending a long-running dispute. Under the accord, Brazil will pay Paraguay $360m a year for energy from the jointly-operated Itaipu plant. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called it a "historic agreement" and the deal slated as a political victory for former Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo.[101] In February 2019, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro praised the late military strongman of Paraguay, Alfredo Stroessner, calling him "a man of vision." Bolsonaro made the comments during a ceremony at the Itaipu hydroelectric dam on the countries' shared border. At his side was his close ally, Paraguayan right-wing President Mario Abdo Benitez.[102]
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![]() | See Colombia–Paraguay relations, List of ambassadors of Paraguay to Colombia
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![]() | 18 April 1881 | See Mexico–Paraguay relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 18, 1881.
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![]() | 2 May 1858 | See Paraguay–Peru relations
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![]() | See Paraguay–United States relations A military training agreement with Asunción, giving immunity to US soldiers, caused some concern after media reports initially reported that a base housing 20,000 US soldiers was being built at Mariscal Estigarribia within 200 km of Argentina and Bolivia, and 300 km of Brazil, near an airport which could receive large planes (B-52, C-130 Hercules, etc.) which the Paraguayan Air Forces do not have.[108][109] In September 2009 Paraguay's President Fernando Lugo revoked plans for US troops to hold joint military exercises and development projects after stating that he no longer thinks that hosting troops taking part in the US department of defence's "New Horizons" programme was worthwhile. President Lugo referenced strong regional opposition from countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador to the expansion of US military bases in Colombia in his decision.[110]
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![]() | 6 April 1845 | See Paraguay–Uruguay relations
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![]() | Relations between Paraguay and Venezuela improved during Paraguay's leftist President Fernando Lugo (2008-2012), a change from 61 unbroken years of Colorado party rule. President Lugo supported Venezuela's entry into Mercosur however the Colorado Party's influence in Paraguay's Congress and Senate retarded this expansion. Paraguay and Venezuela restarted negotiations on an unpaid debt of $250 million owed by Paraguayan oil company Petropar to its counterpart Petróleos de Venezuela after the Presidents of Paraguay and Venezuela met to deal with the financing.[113] In January, 2019, Paraguay cut its diplomatic relations with Venezuela, considering the Venezuelan government of President Nicolas Maduro illegitimate due to disputed election.[114] Diplomatic relations were re-established on 15 November 2023.[115] |
Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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![]() | 20 April 2004[116] | See Azerbaijan-Paraguay relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 20, 2004.[116] |
![]() | no relations | Paraguay is currently accredited to People's Republic of China through its embassy in Seoul, South Korea, Hong Kong and Macau through its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[117][118] |
![]() | 8 July 1957 | See Paraguay–Taiwan relations Paraguay recognizes the Republic of China as the legitimate government of China.
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![]() | 13 September 1961 | See India–Paraguay relations
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![]() | 17 November 1919 | See Japan–Paraguay relations
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![]() | 2003-06-17 |
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![]() | 15 June 1962 | See Paraguay–South Korea relations
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![]() | 1953[124] | See Paraguay–Turkey relations |
Europe
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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![]() | 13 March 1992 |
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![]() |
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![]() | 1853 |
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![]() | 1860 | See Germany–Paraguay relations |
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![]() | See Paraguay–Russia relations
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![]() |
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![]() | 10 September 1880 | See Paraguay–Spain relations
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![]() | 1853-03-04 |
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Oceania
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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![]() | See Australia–Paraguay relations Australia's positive relations with Paraguay are growing. In 2011, Paraguay opened an embassy in Canberra, Australia opened a consulate in Asunción. As agricultural producers and exporters, they work together to achieve fairer international trade in agricultural products through membership of the Cairns Group and cooperation in other multilateral fora. Australia is also increasing its engagement with Paraguay through development cooperation and people-to-people exchanges. An increasing number of Paraguayan students are pursuing their education at Australian institutions.[141]
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International organizations
Paraguay is a member of the following international organizations:[146]
CAN (associate), FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD (also known as the World Bank), ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Rio Group, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
See also
References
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External links
- Foreign Ministry of Paraguay (in Spanish)