Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa
The Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa (FLMSA) is a loosely organized regional political international of seven political parties which were involved in the African nationalist movements against colonialism and white-minority rule in Southern Africa. It has its roots in the Frontline States, a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia.[1] Its original members are the African National Congress (South Africa), Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Tanzania), FRELIMO (Mozambique), the MPLA (Angola), SWAPO (Namibia), and ZAPU and ZANU–PF (Zimbabwe).[2] In 2019, the Botswana Democratic Party, the ruling party of Botswana, joined the FLMSA.[2][3]
Members
Party | Abbreviation | Country | Established | National legislature seats | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower house | Upper house | ||||
![]() | ANC | ![]() | 1912 | 159 / 400 | 43 / 90 |
![]() | BDP | ![]() | 1961 | 38 / 65 | |
![]() | CCM | ![]() | 1977 | 362 / 393 | |
![]() | FRELIMO | ![]() | 1962 | 184 / 250 | |
![]() | MPLA | ![]() | 1956 | 124 / 220 | |
![]() | SWAPO | ![]() | 1960 | 63 / 104 | 28 / 42 |
![]() | ZANU–PF | ![]() | 1963 | 179 / 270 | 34 / 80 |
Summits
City | Country | Date | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Johannesburg | ![]() | October 2000 | [4] |
Harare | ![]() | 2001 | [4] |
Johannesburg | ![]() | 25 November 2008 | [5] |
Dar es Salaam | ![]() | 4 May 2010 | [1][6] |
Windhoek | ![]() | 11 August 2011 | [1][7] |
Pretoria | ![]() | 6–9 March 2013 | [5][7] |
Dar es Salaam | ![]() | October 2013 | [8][9] |
Maputo | ![]() | 20 November 2015 | [10] |
Victoria Falls | ![]() | 4–8 May 2016 | [11] |
![]() | December 2017 | [12][13] | |
Windhoek | ![]() | 20–22 November 2018 | [14] |
Victoria Falls | ![]() | 8–12 September 2019 | [15] |
See also
References
- ^ a b c "President in SA for former liberation movements meeting". The Herald. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ a b Matanda, Dennis (19 March 2021). "Decoding China's Africa Strategy beyond 2021: A Discussion with Paul Nantulya". The Habari Network. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ "Obert Mpofu attends Botswana Democratic Party congress". Bulawayo24 News. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ a b Tendi, Blessing-Miles (2010). Making History in Mugabe's Zimbabwe: Politics, Intellectuals, and the Media. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 102. ISBN 978-3-03911-989-9.
- ^ a b "Meeting of Former Liberation Movements: 06-09 March 2013". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
- ^ "Summit for Liberation Movements Begins". The Herald. 5 May 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via allAfrica.
- ^ a b "NLMs commend Zanu-PF for its leadership". Politicsweb. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ Robi, Anne (10 October 2013). "African govts urged to embrace people's interests". Daily News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ Mataire, Lovemore Ranga (5 December 2015). "Ex-liberation movements rule Southern Africa". The Southern Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ "Former liberation movements stress economic cooperation". The Zimbabwean. 22 November 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ Fabricius, Peter (1 February 2018). "A wind of change blows through Southern Africa". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ Fabricius, Peter (15 December 2017). "When 'democracy' becomes 'regime change'". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ Nantulya, Paul (30 August 2018). "Grand Strategy and China's Soft Power Push in Africa". WATHI. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ "Namibia to host SADC liberation movements summit | nbc". NBC. 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ "Ramaphosa, Magufuli, Masisi, Geingob, Nyusi, Lourenço and Mnangagwa to attend FLM summit in Vitoria Falls, Zimbabwe". Club of Mozambique. 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
External links
- 6th Meeting in Tanzania
- Communique on the meeting of the Heads of Political parties of former liberation movements, March 2013
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