Great Triana Raid
Raid of Triana (1178) | |||||||
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Part of the Reconquista and Spanish Christian–Muslim War of 1172–1212 | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Prince Sancho of Portugal | Ibn Wazir † Ibn Timsalit † | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
5000 footmen 2300 cavalry | Unknown | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown | Heavy Rich spoils captured |
- v
- t
- e
- 8th century
- Covadonga
- 1st Roncevaux Pass
- Burbia River
- Orbieu River
- Lutos
- Las Babias
- Río Quirós
- Oviedo
- 1st Lisbon
- 9th century
- 1st Barcelona
- 1st Tortosa
- Pancorbo
- 2nd Roncevaux Pass
- Clavijo
- Albelda
- Guadalacete
- Monte Laturce
- Morcuera
- Polvoraria
- 1st Cellorigo
- 2nd Cellorigo
- 2nd Barcelona
- 10th century
- Day of Zamora
- 1st Majorca
- Pallars and Ribagorza
- 1st San Esteban de Gormaz
- 2nd San Esteban de Gormaz
- Valdejunquera
- 1st Toledo
- Alhandic
- Simancas
- Estercuel
- Torrevicente
- Rueda
- 3rd Barcelona
- 11th century
- Cervera
- Calatañazor
- Torà
- Albesa
- Aqbat al-Bakr
- Graus
- Coimbra
- Barbastro
- Paterna
- Llantada
- Golpejera
- Cabra
- Piedra Pisada
- Morella
- 2nd Toledo
- 1st Zaragoza
- Sagrajas
- Tudela
- Tévar
- 3rd Toledo
- Almodóvar del Río
- 1st Valencia
- 2nd Lisbon
- Alcoraz
- Bairén
- Consuegra
- 4th Toledo
- 5th Toledo
- 12th century
- 2nd Valencia
- Mollerussa
- Balaguer
- Uclés
- Norwegian raid
- 3rd Lisbon
- Talavera
- Formentera
- Ibiza
- 1st Balearic Islands
- 6th Toledo
- Candespina
- Vatalandi
- 1st Santarém
- 2nd Balearic Islands
- Martorell
- Coimbra
- 2nd Zaragoza
- Cutanda
- 1st Lleida
- 1st Granada
- Corbins
- Alcalá
- 3rd Valencia
- Aceca
- 1st Badajoz
- Fraga
- Leiria
- 1st Coria
- Ourique
- Oreja
- Trancoso
- 2nd Coria
- 4th Lisbon
- 1st Montiel
- Soure
- Albacete
- 1st Almería
- Al-Ludjdj
- 2nd Santarém
- Sacavém
- 5th Lisbon
- Sacavém
- 2nd Tortosa
- 2nd Lleida
- 2nd Almería
- 1st Alcácer do Sal
- Palmela
- 1st Évora
- 2nd Badajoz
- Juromenha
- 3rd Santarém
- Central Iberia
- Tarragona
- Cuenca
- Calatrava
- 2nd Seville
- Abrantes
- 2nd Évora
- 4th Santarém
- Alvor
- 1st Silves
- 2nd Silves
- Tomar
- 2nd Alcácer do Sal
- 2nd Silves
- Alarcos
- Talamanca
- 13th century
- Al-Dāmūs
- Las Navas de Tolosa
- 3rd Alcácer do Sal
- 1st Jaén
- Peníscola
- Aragonese raid
- 2nd Majorca
- 2nd Jaén
- 1st Jerez
- Ares
- Burriana
- Córdoba
- El Puig
- 4th Valencia
- Algarve
- 1st Xàtiva
- 2nd Xàtiva
- Biar
- 3rd Jaén
- 3rd Seville
- Faro
- 2nd Jerez
- Mudéjar revolt
- 3rd Jerez
- 1st Murcia
- Écija
- Martos
- Andalusia
- 1st Algeciras
- 2nd Algeciras
- Moclín
- Iznalloz
- 14th century
- 1st Gibraltar
- 3rd Algeciras
- 3rd Almería
- 2nd Gibraltar
- Vega de Granada
- Shepherds' Crusade
- Teba
- 3rd Gibraltar
- 4th Gibraltar
- Vega de Pagana
- Getares
- Río Salado
- Estepona
- 4th Algeciras
- 5th Gibraltar
- Linuesa
- Guadix
- 2nd Montiel
- 5th Algeciras
- 2nd Murcia
- 15th century
- Collejares
- Antequera
- 6th Gibraltar
- La Higueruela
- 7th Gibraltar
- Los Alporchones
- 8th Gibraltar
- 9th Gibraltar
- 2nd Granada campaign
- Lucena
- Málaga
- Post-Reconquista Rebellions
- 1st Alpujarras
- 2nd Alpujarras
- North Africa
The Great raid of Triana in 1178 was an expedition under the orders of Prince Sancho of Portugal against the Almohad Caliphate in the modern territories of Extremadura and Alentejo. Sancho would achieve an astonishing victory over the Muslims. It would be one of the most daring military operations conducted in the history of Portugal and allowed the prince Sancho to affirm himself as a worthy commander and heir to the throne.[1]
History
Portuguese ambassadors had been dispatched to Seville and a truce was established in 1173.[2]
Once the truce with the Muslims was over, Sancho decided to launch a raid into Almohad territory.[3][4] Soldiers were gathered in Coimbra. They included both infantry and cavalry from the Order of Calatrava, as well as the militias of the city of Coimbra, Santarém, Lisbon, Évora and many others. Many hosts of some of the main nobles in Portugal also participated.[1] The contingent consisted of around 5000 footmen and 2300 cavalry. It had been one of the largest forces mobilized by the Portuguese yet.[1]
They started the campaign by sacking the Almohad regions of Beja.[1] Going through modern territories of Extremadura in Spain, the Portuguese crossed Sierra Morena and arrived in Seville in November, yet their forces were not enough to attack the city.[5] They set up camp just a few kilometers to the west of Seville and defeated an Almohad army, in a large battle outside the city, that was sent to stop them.[1][5]
The city was situated on the west bank of the river, while the Triana suburbs were on the east bank and were connected by a bridge of barques near the Torre del Oro.[5] The suburbs were then sacked and rich spoils were captured.[1][5]
While coming back to Coimbra, Gibraleón and Niebla were raided.[1] A Portuguese contingent of 1400 cavalry and the garrison of Alcácer do Sal defeated an Almohad army coming from Beja and Serpa led by the qaids Ibn Wazir and Ibn Timsalit, who both died in the battle.[1] Retaliation for Sancho's bold "Triana Raid", as it was later called, came soon. The Muslims invaded Portugal again in 1179. They besieged the city of Abrantes, but they were unsuccessful in capturing it.[4] A Muslim fleet also attacked the outskirts of Lisbon.[4]
Portugal gained recognition as an independent kingdom in 1179 through the Papal decree Manifestis Probatum, marking a significant moment in Portuguese history attributed to King Afonso I for his efforts in fighting the Muslims.
In 1182 and 1183 a new Portuguese campaign against the Muslims was launched. Formed by local militias from Lisbon and Santarém, they sacked Ajarafe, a land of villages and olive orchards to the west of Seville. They took numerous captives.[6]
See also
- Portugal in the Middle Ages
- Military history of Portugal
- Reconquista
- Portugal in the Reconquista
- Sancho I of Portugal
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Miguel Gomes Martins: De Ourique a Aljubarrota - A Guerra Na Idade Média, A Esfera dos Livros, 2011, pp. 105-124.
- ^ Lusitania Sacra - 2a Série - Tomo 25 (2012) (in Portuguese). CEHR-UCP. p. 304. ISBN 978-972-8361-48-8.
- ^ Jensen, Kurt Villads (2016-10-14). Crusading at the Edges of Europe: Denmark and Portugal c.1000 – c.1250. Taylor & Francis. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-317-15670-3.
- ^ a b c H. V. Livermore (1947). A History Of Portugal. p. 87.
- ^ a b c d McMurdo, Edward (1888). The History of Portugal: From the Commencement of the Monarchy to the Reign of Alfonso III. S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington. p. 229.
- ^ Kennedy, Hugh (2014-06-11). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. Routledge. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-317-87041-8.