Hanan of Iskiya
Hanan of Iskiya (Asikia)[1] (Hebrew: רב חנן מאישקיא/מאישקא; alternative English spellings: Hanan of Iskia,[2] or Hanan of Iskya, or Hanan of Ishqiya[3]) was rector of the Talmudical academy at Pumbedita, 589-608. He was succeeded by Mari ben R. Dimi after his death in 609.
Hormizd IV having persecuted the Christians and the Jews, the Talmudical academies of Sura and Pumbedita were closed, their masters removing to Firuz-Shabur, in the neighborhood of Nehardea. The accession of Hormizd's general, Bahram Chobin, relieved the Jews from persecution; Hanan returned to Pumbedita, reopened the academy, and assumed the rectorate, which he held for nineteen years.
Thus far almost all historians agree, but not in regard to Hanan's inauguration of the era of the Geonim. Some, believing that the line of the Saboraim covered several generations, from the death of Rabina bar Ḥuna (499) to the middle of the 7th century, include Hanan in the list of the Saboraim. Others, however,[4] following the tradition that Giza ('Ena, Gada) and Simuna were the last of the Saboraim,[5] and that Hanan of Iskiya sat at the feet of the disciples of these masters, begin the geonic period with the restoration of the Pumbedita academy, and to its promoter they ascribe the origination of the title "Gaon".
Be this as it may, Hanan of Iskiya is remembered as the restorer of the Pumbedita Talmudical academy, and as the head of a line of teachers covering over four hundred years (589-1038), to the death of Hai Gaon and the end of the geonic period.
References
- ^ HANAN OF ISKIYA (ASIKIA):, jewishencyclopedia.com; Article
- ^ FIRUZ-SHABUR, jewishencyclopedia.com;Article
- ^ "Jews in Islamic countries in the Middle Ages", Moshe Gil, p. 404 - A Chronological List of the Geonim of Sura and Pumbedita [1]
- ^ see Yitzhak Isaac Halevy Rabinowitz, "Dorot ha-Rishonim"
- ^ see "Seder Tanna'im we-Amora'im"
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=206&letter=H. {{cite encyclopedia}}
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(help) Its bibliography:
- Grätz, Gesch. 2d ed., v. 10 et seq., 382 et seq.;
- Halevy, Dorot ha-Rishonim, iii. 166 et seq.;
- Jost, Gesch. der Juden und Seiner Sekten, ii. 252;
- Zacuto, Yuḥasin, ed. Filipowski, p. 204.
Preceded by New Title | Gaon of the Pumbedita Academy from 589 | Succeeded by |
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- Hanan of Iskiya
- Mari ben R. Dimi
- Rav Hana (Huna)
- Rav Rabbah (Rava, Ravah)
- Rav Bosai (Bostanai)
- Huna Mari ben Mar Joseph
- Hiyya of Meshan
- Rav Rabya (Moronai)
- Natronai ben Nehemiah
- Judah Gaon
- Joseph Gaon
- Samuel ben Mar Mari
- Natroi Kahana b. Emuna
- Abraham Kahana
- Dodai ben Nahman (Rav Dorai)
- Hananya ben Mesharsheya
- Malka ben Aha
- Rabba ben Dodai
- Rav Shinwai
- Haninai Kahana ben Abraham
- Haninai Kahana ben Abraham
- Huna ben ha-Levi ben Isaac
- Manasseh ben Joseph
- Isaiah ha-Levi ben Abba
- Joseph ben Shila
- Kahana ben Haninai Gaon
- Abumai Kahana ben Abraham
- Joseph ben Abba
- Abraham ben Sherira
- Joseph ben Mar Hiyya
- Isaac ben Hananiah
- Joseph ben Abba
- Paltoi ben Abaye
- Aha Kahana ben Mar Rav
- Menahem ben Joseph ben Hiyya
- Mattithiah ha-Kohen b. Ravrevay b. Hanina
- Abba ben Ammi
- Zemah ben Paltoi
- Hai ben David
- Kimoi ben Ahhai
- Mebasser Kahana ben Kimoi
- Kohen Tzedek Kahana ben Joseph
- Zemah ben Kafnai
- Hananiah ben Yehudai
- Aaron ibn Sargado
- Nehemiah ben Kohen Tzedek
- Sherira Gaon
- Hai Gaon
- Hezekiah Gaon
- Mar ben Huna
- Hanina (Hinenai)
- Rav Hunai (Huna)
- Rav Sheshna (Mesharsheya b. Tahlifa)
- Hanina of Nehar Pekkod (Hinenai)
- Hillai of Naresh
- Jacob of Nehar Pekod
- Rav Samuel
- Mari ha-Kohen of Nehar Pekod
- Achai Gaon
- Yehudai Gaon
- Ahhunai Kahana ben Papa
- Haninai Kahana ben Huna
- Mari ha-Levi ben Mesharsheya
- Bebai ha-Levi ben Abba of Nehar Pekod
- Hilai ben Mari
- Jacob ha-Kohen ben Mordecai
- Rav Abimai
- Zadok ben Ashi (Issac ben Jesse)
- Hilai ben Hananiah
- Kimoi ben Ashi
- Mesharsheya Kahana ben Jacob
- Kohen Tzedek ben Abimai
- Sar Shalom ben Boaz
- Natronai ben Hilai
- Amram Gaon
- Nahshon ben Zadok
- Zemah ben Hayyim
- Rav Malka
- Hai ben Nahshon
- Hilai ben Natronai ben Hilai
- Shalom ben Mishael
- Jacob ben Natronai
- Yom-Tob Kahana ben Jacob
- Saadia ben Joseph (Saadia Gaon)
- Joseph ben Jacob
- Zemah Tzedek ben Paltoi ben Issac
- Samuel ben Hofni
- Dosa ben Saadia
- Israel ha-Kohen ben Samuel ben Hofni
- Azariah ha-Kohen ben Israel
- Isaac ben Moses ben Sukkari
- Eli ha-Levi
- Solomon (Gaon)
- Samuel ben Ali
- Zechariah ben Berakhel
- Eleazer ben Hillel ben Fahd
- Daniel ben Eleazer ben Hibat Allah
- Hibat Allah ben Abil Rabi
- Isaac ben al-Awani ha-Cohen
- Isaac ben Israel Ibn al-Shuwaykh
- Ali ben Zechariah
- Samuel ben Daniel ha-Cohen
- Pinhas ben Jacob ha-Cohen
- Jehoshaphat ben Josiah
- Semah ben Josiah
- Aaron ben Moses ben Meir
- Isaac (Gaon)
- Aaron ben Meir
- Abraham ben Aaron
- Aaron ha-Cohen (Gaon)
- Joseph ben Ezrun ha-Cohen
- Ezrun
- Samuel ben Joseph ha-Cohen
- Jose ben Samuel ha-Cohen
- Shemaya Gaon
- Josiah ben Aaron
- Solomon ben Joseph ha-Cohen
- Solomon ben Judah (Gaon)
- Daniel ben Azariah
- Elijah ben Solomon ha-Cohen
- Abiathar ben Elijah ha-Cohen
- Solomon ben Elijah ha-Cohen
- Masliah ben Solomon ha-Cohen
- Moses ben Netanel ha-Levi
- Abraham ben Mazhir
- Netanel ben Moses ha-Levi
- Sar Shalom ben Moses ha-Levi
- Ezra ben Abraham
- Sar Shalom ben Abraham
- Sadoq
- Mar Isaac of Firuz Shabur
- Achai Gaon
- Simeon Kayyara