Ibn Marzuq
Ibn Marzuq | |
---|---|
Personal | |
Born | c. 1310 Tlemcen, Algeria |
Died | 1379 Cairo, Egypt |
Nationality | Algerian |
Era | 14th century |
Creed | Maliki |
Main interest(s) | Islamic jurisprudence, History |
Notable idea(s) | Diplomatic negotiations with rulers in Algeria and Spain |
Known for | Advisor to Marinid Sultan Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman, author of hagiographical history of Abu al-Hasan |
Occupation | Scholar, Preacher, Diplomat |
Ibn Marzuq (full name: Shams al-Din Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-ʿAjisi al-Tilimsani, also known as al-Khatib (the Preacher) or al-Jadd (the Grandfather) or al-Rais (the Leader); c. 1310–1379) was a prominent the 14th century scholar from Tlemcen.
Biography
He was born around 1310 in Tlemcen and travelled in his late teens to the orient, where he studied with a group of around 250 scholars for fifteen years. He returned to the Maghreb as a faqih, or expert in Islamic law. The Marinid sultan, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman, appointed Ibn Marzuq to the position of preacher at the al-ʿUbbad mosque in his native Tlemcen.[1]
Ibn Marzuq subsequently became the sultan's advisor, teacher and secretary and was given an important diplomatic role, negotiating with rulers in Algeria and Spain, where he concluded a peace treaty with the King of Castile, Alphonse XI. On the death of Abu al-Hasan, he returned to Tlemcen, where he engaged in intrigue against the new Marinid sultan Abu Inan Faris, before fleeing to Spain, where he was offered the position of khatib (sermon-giver) at the great mosque al-Hamra in Granada.[1]
He was recalled to Fez, where he held a high position until the disastrous failure of a diplomatic mission to Spain led to him being imprisoned for six years. Soon after his release in 1358, he moved to Tunis, where he was offered a high position by Abu Salim Ibrahim. He remained there until 1372, when he retired to Cairo for the last seven years of his life to serve as Grand Qadi.[1]
Works
Ibn Marzuq is known for his works of legal, religious and historical scholarship. Among his most notable is his 1371 hagiographical history of the Marinid sultan Abu al-Hasan. The book emphasizes Ibn Marzuq's own role in al-Hasan's reign; he evidently sought to burnish his own achievements for his self-aggrandizement.[1] Titled The Correct and Fine Traditions About the Glorious Deeds of our Master Abu 'l-Hasan (Musnad as-sahid al-hasan fi maʿathir mawlana Abi 'l Hasan), the book discusses the qualities of the sultan, his court, and the works undertaken during his reign. [2] A Spanish translation was published in 1977 by the Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, as El Musnad: Hechos memorables de Abu l-Hasan, sultan de los benimerines.
He also wrote a kitâb al-imâma, a definition of the Islamic caliphate and discussion of political and governmental principles, as well as an extremely voluminous fahrasa (list of teachers) which, unusually, includes a number of learned women.[1]
His work Miftah al-Wusul was recently translated into English by Professor Mohammad S. Alrahawan and was published in 2020 by Peter Lang/ International Academic Publishers.
References
- ^ a b c d e Boum, Aomar; Park, Thomas K. (2016). Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 247–8. ISBN 978-1-4422-6297-3.
- ^ Renard, John (1998). Windows on the House of Islam: Muslim Sources on Spirituality and Religious Life. University of California Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-520-21086-8. For a study of the work, see Evariste Levi-Provençal, Un nouveau texte d'histoire merinide: Le Musnad d'Ibn Marzuk, Paris, 1925.
- v
- t
- e
- Malik ibn Anas (founder of the school; 711–795)
- Ali ibn Ziyad (d. 799)
- Ibn Wahb (743–813)
- Ibn al-Qasim
- Asad ibn al-Furat (759–828)
- Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi (d. 848)
- Sahnun (d. 854/55)
- Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri (767–856)
- Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam (801–871)
- Abu al-Arab (d. 945)
- Ibn Abi Zayd (922–996)
- Al-Baqillani (950–1013)
- Sidi Mahrez (951–1022)
- Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab (973–1035)
- Abu Imran al-Fasi (d. 1039)
- Ibn Battal (d. 1057)
- Ibn 'Abd al-Barr (d. 1071)
- Al-Baji (1013–1081)
- Al-Lakhmi (1006–1085)
- Al-Lamti
- At-Turtushi (1059–1126)
- Al-Maziri (1061–1141)
- Ibn Barrajan (d. 1141)
- Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi (1076–1148)
- Qadi Ayyad (1083–1149)
- Al-Suhayli (1114–1185)
- Averroes (1126–1198)
- Al-Tamimi (d. 1207/08)
- Al-Qattan (d. 1231)
- Al-Azafi (1162–1236)
- Ibn al-Hajib (d. 1249)
- Al-Qurtubi (1214–1273)
- Al-Qarafi (1228–1285)
- Ibn Ata Allah (1259–1310)
- Al-Zarwili (d. 1319)
- Ibn Rushayd (1259–1321)
- Ibn al-Haj (d. 1336)
- Ibn Juzayy (d. 1340)
- Khalil ibn-Ishaq (d. 1365)
- Ibn Marzuq (d. 1379)
- Ash-Shatibi (1320–1388)
- Ibn Farhun (d. 1397)
- Ibn 'Arafa (1316–1401)
- Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406)
- Al-Sakkak (d. 1415)
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi (1373–1429)
- Ibn Faïd (1394–1453)
- Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi (1384–1479)
- Ibn al-Azraq (1427–1491)
- Ahmad Zarruq (1442–1493)
- Ibn Hilal al-Sijilmasi (d. 1497/98)
- Ali ibn Qasim al-Zaqqaq (d. 1506/07)
- Al-Wansharisi (d. 1508)
- Ibn Abi Jum'ah (d. 1511)
- Al-Miknasi (1437–1513)
- Al-Hattab (1497–1547)
- Al-Akhdari (1512–1575)
- Al-Mandjur (1520–1587)
- Al-Tamgruti (d. 1594/95)
- Ibn Ashir (1582–1631)
- Al-Laqani (d. 1631)
- Mayyara (1591–1662)
- Al-Dila'i (d. 1678)
- Al-Qadir al-Fasi (1599–1680)
- Al-Rahman al-Fasi (1631–1685)
- Az-Zurqani (1611–1688)
- Muhammad al-Zurqani (1645–1710)
- Ibn al-Tayyib (1698–1756)
- Al-Bannani (1727–1780)
- Ad-Dardir (1715–1786)
- M'Hamed Al-Azhari (d. 1793/94)
- Al-Tawudi ibn Suda (1700–1795)
- Al-Qasim al-Sijilmasi (d. 1800)
- Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (1747–1809)
- Ad-Desouki (d. 1815)
- Usman dan Fodio (1754–1817)
- Al-Hajj al-Fasi (1760–1817)
- Abdullahi dan Fodio (1766–1829)
- Muhammad 'Ilish (1802–1882)
- Al Alawi (d. 1888)
- Salim al-Bishri (1832–1916)
- Ahmed Harrak Srifi (d. 1925)
- Ahmed Skirej (1878–1944)
- Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani (1897–1970)
- Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour (1909–1970)
- Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur (1879–1973)
- Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki (1944–2004)
- Othman Battikh (1941–2022)
- Abdallah bin Bayyah (b. 1935)
- Ahmed el-Tayeb (b. 1946)
- Ahmad Karima (b. 1951)
- Hamza Yusuf (b. 1958)
- Muhammad al-Yaqoubi (b. 1963)
- Rashid Al Marikhi
- Hanafi
- Hanbali
- Shafi'i
- Zahiri