Linda Gazzera
Linda Gazzera (1890, Italy - 1942, Brazil)[1] was an Italian spiritualist medium.
During 1908–1909, Gazzera was investigated in a series of séances by the spiritualist Enrico Imoda who endorsed her alleged materializations as genuine.[1] Photographs were taken, they were later published in a posthumous book entitled Fotografie di Fantasmi in 1912.[2] French psychical researcher Guillaume de Fontenay in an afterword for the book cast doubt on the authenticity of the photographs, noting that the materializations looked dubious and two-dimensional with suspicious shadows.[3]
Skeptical author Joseph McCabe has written that Gazzera was exposed as a fraud in 1911. According to McCabe "Her materializations and tricks were simple. She brought her birds and flowers and muslin and masks (or pictures) in her hair (which was largely false, and never examined) and her under-clothing, and she, by a common trick, released her hands and feet from control to manipulate them."[4]
In 2022, the counterfeit photographs were included in the exhibit Corpse orbit for the 59th Venice Biennale.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Stefano Mudu. "LINDA GAZZERA". La Biennale di Venezia. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- ^ Imoda, Enrico. (1912). Fotografie di Fantasmi. Fratelli Bocca.
- ^ Chéroux, Clément. (2005). The Perfect Medium: Photography and the Occult. Yale University Press. p. 208. ISBN 0-300-11136-3
- ^ McCabe, Joseph. (1920). Is Spiritualism Based On Fraud? The Evidence Given By Sir A. C. Doyle and Others Drastically Examined. London Watts & Co. pp. 33-34
External links
- Stefano Mudu. "LINDA GAZZERA". La Biennale di Venezia. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- v
- t
- e
- Apport
- Automatic writing
- Cross-Correspondences
- Ectoplasm
- Faith healing
- Materialization
- Mediumship
- Séance
- Spirit guides
- Spiritual healing
- Spirit obsession
- Spirit photography
- Spirit possession
- Spirit world
- Table-turning
- Theism
- Derek Acorah
- Rosemary Altea
- Dan Aykroyd
- Charles Bailey
- Bangs Sisters
- Ada Besinnet
- Stephen E. Braude
- William Breeze
- Rosemary Brown
- Sylvia Browne
- Eva Carrière
- Doris Collins
- Florence Cook
- Mina Crandon
- William Crookes
- Geraldine Cummins
- Pearl Curran
- Frank Decker
- Arthur Conan Doyle
- Helen Duncan
- Eddy Brothers
- Harry Edwards
- John Edward
- William Eglinton
- Colin Evans
- Fox sisters
- Leslie Flint
- Arthur Ford
- Colin Fry
- Eileen Garrett
- Kathleen Goligher
- Rita Goold
- Jan Guzyk
- Robert Hare
- Alec Harris
- Gordon Higginson
- Richard Hodgson
- Daniel Dunglas Home
- Elizabeth Hope
- William Hope
- Swami Laura Horos
- Cecil Husk
- James H. Hyslop
- Allan Kardec
- Franek Kluski
- Gladys Osborne Leonard
- Oliver Lodge
- Heinrich Melzer
- Carmine Mirabelli
- Francis Ward Monck
- William Usborne Moore
- Lorin Morgan-Richards
- William Stainton Moses
- Einer Nielsen
- Eusapia Palladino
- Leonora Piper
- Ethel Post-Parrish
- James Van Praagh
- Bert Reese
- Estelle Roberts
- Jane Roberts
- William Roy
- Rudi Schneider
- Maria Silbert
- Henry Slade
- Doris Stokes
- Emanuel Swedenborg
- Rosina Thompson
- Stanisława Tomczyk
- Ena Twigg
- George Valiantine
- Jack Webber
- Etta Wriedt
- Chico Xavier
- List of Spiritualist organizations
- Spiritualist churches
- Spiritist centres
- London Spiritualist Alliance
- National Spiritualist Association of Churches
- Spiritualists' National Union
- Spiritualist Association of Great Britain
- Spiritual church movement
- Arthur Findlay College
- International Spiritualist Federation
- David Abbott
- John Henry Anderson
- George Miller Beard
- Ruth Brandon
- Lionel Branson
- Derren Brown
- William Carpenter
- Milbourne Christopher
- Edward Clodd
- Edmund Smith Conklin
- Millais Culpin
- Stuart Cumberland
- Eric Dingwall
- Joseph Dunninger
- Henry Evans
- Chris French
- Martin Gardner
- G. Stanley Hall
- Trevor H. Hall
- William A. Hammond
- C. E. M. Hansel
- Carlos María de Heredia
- Carl Hertz
- Terence Hines
- Harry Houdini
- Joseph Jastrow
- Stanley LeFevre Krebs
- Rose Mackenberg
- David Marks
- John Nevil Maskelyne
- Henry Maudsley
- Joseph McCabe
- Henry C. McComas
- Georgess McHargue
- Charles Arthur Mercier
- Albert Moll
- John Mulholland
- Fulton Oursler
- Joe Nickell
- E. Clephan Palmer
- Ronald Pearsall
- Frank Podmore
- Massimo Polidoro
- Harry Price
- Julien J. Proskauer
- James Randi
- Donovan Rawcliffe
- Joseph F. Rinn
- C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
- Chung Ling Soo
- Gordon Stein
- Amy Tanner
- Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
- Lyttelton Winslow
- Richard Wiseman