List of aircraft accidents and incidents by number of ground fatalities
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bijlmerramp2_cropped.jpg/250px-Bijlmerramp2_cropped.jpg)
The following is a list of aircraft accidents and incidents which have resulted in fatalities on the ground. Aircraft crashes with a high number of ground fatalities typically occur in areas where there are large congregations of people, such as buildings, marketplaces, neighborhoods, and sporting events.
As of 19 August 2024, 64 accidents and incidents have resulted in at least twelve ground fatalities, fourteen at least 50 ground fatalities, and five over 100 ground fatalities.
History
The first ground fatalities from an aircraft crash occurred on 21 July 1919, when the Wingfoot Air Express crash took place. The airship crashed into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, Illinois, killing three of the five occupants of the aircraft, in addition to ten people on the ground.[1] The first electric aircraft crash to result in ground fatalities was on 18 May 1935, when the Maxim Gorky was involved in a mid-air collision over Moscow, Russia, killing a total of 45 people, including nine on the ground.[2] Just over three years later, on 24 July 1938, the Santa Ana air show disaster took place in Bogotá, Colombia, killing the pilot plus 52 people on the ground.[3] Since then, several other crashes have resulted in a higher number of ground fatalities, most recently the Sknyliv air show disaster near Lviv, Ukraine, on 27 July 2002, which is the deadliest air show accident in history, killing 77 people on the ground.[4]
The deliberate crashes of American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 into the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks in 2001 constitute, by a large margin, the deadliest aircraft disaster by number of victims on the ground, with a total of approximately 2,600 ground fatalities attributed to the two crashes and subsequent collapse of 1 World Trade Center and 2 World Trade Center.[5] In addition, the most ground fatalities associated with the accidental crash of an aircraft occurred on 8 January 1996, when an Antonov An-32 crashed into a crowded market in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, resulting in the deaths of at least 249 people on the ground.[6][7][8]
Table key
Symbol | Definition |
---|---|
† | No survivors on aircraft |
‡ | Was a deliberate act, i.e. bombing, hijacking, pilot murder-suicide, or airliner shootdown |
* | Previously had the most ground fatalities of any incident |
Table
See also
- List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
- List of accidents and incidents involving general aviation
- Lists of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft
- List of deadliest aircraft accidents and incidents
Notes
- ^ It is impossible to definitively know exactly how many people died from the hijacking and crash of American Airlines Flight 11, since this crash and the one of United Airlines Flight 175 happened in the same place, at about the same time, and it is hard to distinguish who died from which plane. It is known for certain, however, that the sum of plane and ground fatalities caused by both suicide attacks is 2,763. In addition to the rough estimate of 1,600 ground fatalities blamed on Flight 11, the number of people aboard the hijacked flight was 92. The death toll of Flight 11 thus comes out to approximately 1,700 when rounded.
- ^ Combined with United Airlines Flight 175. Sources vary regarding the number of injuries―some say 6,000[9] while others go as high as 25,000.[10]
- ^ It is impossible to definitively know exactly how many people died from the hijacking and crash of United Airlines Flight 175, since this crash and the one of American Airlines Flight 11 happened in the same place, at about the same time, and it is hard to distinguish who died from which plane. It is known for certain, however, that the sum of plane and ground fatalities caused by both suicide attacks is 2,763. In addition to the rough estimate of 1,000 ground fatalities blamed on Flight 175, the number of people aboard the hijacked flight was 65. The death toll of Flight 175 thus comes out to approximately 1,060 when rounded.
- ^ Combined with American Airlines Flight 11. Sources vary regarding the number of injuries―some say 6,000[11] while others go as high as 25,000.[12]
- ^ The exact number of people that were killed on the ground is not known. The number of manslaughter charges was 225, ASN says 237, the CAA review 1990-1999 states 297, and some media sources have stated numbers over 300. Vincent Nicod of the International Committee of the Red Cross stated that 249 bodies on the ground were found. It is known that four crew members survived.
- ^ Some sources reported up to 27 fatalities on the ground.
References
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External links
- Plane Crash Database
- ASN Aviation Safety Database
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- t
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By year |
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By conflict |
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