List of riots in India
India has faced a number of riots both before and after its independence. Here is a list of riots in India:
Riots in Pre-Independent India
Name | Year | Locations | Cause | Factions | Deaths | Wounded | Damage | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bombay Dog Riots | 1832 (6 to 7 June) | South Mumbai | Protest by Parsis against the British government's killing of stray dogs | Parsis | None | None | N/A | [1] |
Parsi–Muslim riots | October 1851 | Bombay | Protests by Muslims against the Chitra Dynan Darpan owned by a Parsee. The publication had printed a depiction of the Islamic prophet Muhammed and his history. | Parsis Muslims | N/A | N/A | N/A | [2] |
1857 Bharuch riot | May 1857 | Broach and Mumbai | Linked to the Broach riots | Parsis Muslims | 2 Parsis murdered | N/A | N/A | [2] |
Parsi–Muslim riots 1874 | 13 February 1874 | N/A | N/A | N/A | [2] | |||
Salem riots of 1882 | 1882 | Salem, Tamil Nadu | Objection by Muslims to a Hindu religious procession through a Mosque | Hindus Muslims | Unknown | Unknown | N/A | |
Shahabad Riots | 1917 | Shahabad, Bihar | Communal harmony disrupted due to the practice of cow slaughter on [[Eid al-Adha | Hindus,Muslims | Unknown | Unknown | [3] | |
Katarpur Riot | 1918 | Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh | Various | Hindus | Muslims | N/A | [4] | |
Malabar rebellion | 1920–1921 | Malabar | Religious leaders spearheaded the Hindu genocide of 1921, which led to the massacre of thousands of Hindus, forcible conversions, rape of Hindu women and children and destruction of Hindu properties and places of worship, many call it Khilafat aftermath in the Malabar District of Madras Presidency. | Mappilas | approx 10000 hindus killed and 100k have to leave their homeland[citation needed] | [5][6] | ||
Peshawar riots | March 21–24, 1910 | Peshawar, Peshawar District, North-West Frontier Province | Annual Hindu festival of Holi coincided with Barawafat, the annual Muslim day of mourning. | Hindus Muslims | At least 4 Muslims and 6 Hindus | Hundreds | At least 451 shops and homes, Rs. 50 lakhs of damage | [7][8][a][b][c][d][e] |
1921–1922 riots | April 1921–March 1922 | Bengal, Punjab, Multan | Many riots occurred during Muharram, other causes | Hindus Muslims | Unknown | Unknown | Various | [6] |
Riots in Kohat | 1924 | Kohat | Hindu–Muslim tension | Hindus | 155 | Unknown | Rs. 9 lakhs + of damage | [6] |
1924–1925 riots | April 1924- March 1925 | Delhi, Nagpur, Lahore, Lucknow, Moradabad, Bhagalpur, Gulbarga, Shahajahanpur, Kankinarah, Kohat and Allahabad | Various | Hindus Muslims | Unknown | Unknown | Various | [6] |
1925–1926 riots | April 1925–March 1926 | Calcutta, the United Provinces, the Central Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Berar, Gujarat, Sholapur | Dispute outside a mosque between Muslims and Hindus, other causes | Hindus Muslims | 44+ | 584+ | Damage to temples and mosques | [6] |
1926–1927 riots | April 1926–March 1927 | Delhi, Calcutta, Bengal, the Punjab, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Sind | Music during Hindu celebrations near mosques, and other causes | Hindus Muslims | 28+ | 226+ | Unknown | [6] |
1927–1928 riots | April 1927- March 1928 | Lahore, Bihar (2), Orissa(2), Punjab (2), Bettiah, United Provinces (10), Bombay Presidency (6), the Central Provinces (2), Bengal (2), Delhi(1) | Caused by the publication of Rangila Rasul and Risala Vartman, by music during Hindu celebrations near mosques, cow slaughter, and other causes | Hindus Muslims | 103+ | 1084+ | Unknown | [6] |
1927 Nagpur riots | September 4, 1927 | Nagpur, Maharashtra | Muslims objected to passage of Hindu procession which resulted in riots | Hindus Muslims | 22 | 100 | N/A | |
1928–1929 riots | April 1928–March 1929 | 22 significant riots in this period. Most serious were the Bombay riots. Other riots in Punjab, Kharagpur, and other places. | Many riots occurred during Bakr-i-Id, other causes | Hindus Muslims | 204+ (149 in Bombay) | Nearly 1000 | Unknown | [6] |
1929–1930 riots | April 1929–March 1930 | 12 significant riots in this period. Bombay, other places. | Various | Hindus Muslims | 35+ | 200+ | Unknown | [6] |
Bombay riots of 1930 | 1930 | various | Protests against the Salt tax | Indian British government | N/A | N/A | N/A | [9] |
1930–1931 riots | April 1930 – March 1931 | Bengal, Nagpur, Bombay, Assam, Sukkur (Sind) | Various | Hindus Muslims | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | [6] |
1931–1932 riots | April 1931–March 1932 | Cawnpore, other places | Various | Hindus Muslims | 300-500 | Unknown | Damage to temples and other property | [6] |
1933–1934 riots | April 1933–March 1934 | Benares, Cawnpore, Lahore, Peshawar, Ayodhya,... | During Hindu and Muslim celebrations. Dispute between Sikhs and Muslims at the Shaheed Ganj Mosque in Lahore. Riots in Karachi after Abdul Quayum was executed for the murder of Hindu writer Nathuramal in court. | Hindus, Sikhs Muslims | Unknown | Unknown | Various | [6] |
1936 riots | 1936 | Firozabad, Bombay, other | Various | Hindus Muslims | Unknown | Unknown | Various | [6] |
1937 riots | 1937 | Panipat, Madras, Amritsar | During Holi, other causes | Hindus, Sikhs Muslims | Unknown | Unknown | Various | [6] |
1939 riots | 1939 | Benares, Cawnpore, Sukkur (Sind), other | Dispute between Muslims and Hindus at Manzilgah over a mosque, a temple vandalized by Muslims, other causes | Hindus Muslims | 151+ | 58+ | Various | [6] |
Direct Action Day | August 1946 | Calcutta, Bengal | Muslim League Council to show the strength of Muslim feelings both to British and Congress. Muslims wanted a separate country for Muslims fearing that Hindus will suppress their community and that fear lead to killing and looting of Hindus. | Hindus Muslims | 4,000 | N/A | 100,000 homeless | [10] |
Noakhali riots | October–November 1946 | Noakhali and Tippera districts of Bengal (now in Bangladesh) | Widespread killing of Hindus and looting of Hindu shops, businesses, and homes. An attempt to either kill or make the Hindus flee from Noakhali and go to newly founded republic of India. | Hindus Muslims | 5,000 killed | N/A | 50,000 remained marooned | [11][12] |
Riots In Post-Independent India
From Independence to 2000
Name | Year | Locations | Cause | Factions | Deaths | Wounded | Damage | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1957 Ramnad riots | 1957 | Ramnad | After Devendrar people objected to electoral victory of Maravar candidate in 1957 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections | Devendrar Maravar Tamil Nadu police | 38 | Unknown | 2,842 houses burnt | [13] |
1961 Jabalpur riots | 4-9 February, 1961 | Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh | This riot was linked to the emergence of a small class of successful Muslim entrepreneurs who created a new economic rivalry between Hindu and Muslim communities. Also, media and press gave communal tone to crime incident by two Muslim boys, which lead to widespread violence. | Hindus Muslims | 55[14] | 200+ | These riots shook Jawaharlal Nehru as he never expected communal riots of such intensity in independent India. Hindu nationalist organizations including ABVP, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh played a major role in this riot. Officially 55 were killed, though according to unofficial accounts, 200 were killed. Nehru responded by lambasting the Bhopal Congress government which was being headed by Chief Minister Kailash Nath Katju. He angrily noted that Congress leaders were found to be 'sitting inside their houses like purdah ladies' during riots[15] | [16][17] |
1964 Calcutta riots | January 1964 | Culcutta and rural parts of West Bengal | Retaliation for Muslim attacks on Hindus during 1964 East Pakistan riots | Hindus Muslims | 264[18][19][20][21] | 430+ | The Muslim community in Calcutta felt more segregated and fearful than ever before. Reports indicated that as many as 70,000 Muslim residents fled their homes.[22] | [23][24] |
1966 Hindu Sikh riots | 9 March 1966 | Delhi | March 14 Hindus and Sikhs battled in New Delhi's streets today as a wave of violence over proposals for a Punjabi-speaking state spread. Following violence in Delhi stoning and casual violence also erupted in Ludhiana, Patiala, Jalandhar and in Panipat 3 congressmen were burnt alive including close associate of Bhagat Singh generally believed to be orchestrated by Jan Sangh who were anti of Punjabi speaking state. | Sikhs Hindus | 3 people died and around hundreds were injured, | N/A | N/A | |
1967 Ranchi-Hatia riots | August 22–29, 1967 | Ranchi | Anti-Urdu agitations | Hindus Muslims | 184 | Unknown | 195 shops looted and burnt, three places of worship damaged by arson. | [25] |
1969 Gujarat riots | September – October 1969 | Gujarat | Desecration of a dargah and subsequently of a Hindu temple. | Hindus Muslims | 512 | 1084 | Property of muslims worth 42 million Rupees destroyed | [26] |
1969 Anti Kannada Riots | February – 1969 | Bombay | KA-MH border dispute. | Kannadigas Marathis | 59 | 274 | February 1969 Thackeray unleashes his goons against Kannadigas. 59 dead, 274 wounded, 151 cops injured in week of riots. | [27] |
Worli riots | 1974 | Mumbai, Maharashtra | Police attempting to disperse a Dalit Panthers rally where speaker allegedly made objectionable remarks about Hindu deities | Shiv Sena (Hindu) Buddhist | 1 | [28] | ||
1980 Moradabad riots | August 1980 | Moradabad | Policemen's refusal to remove pig from Idgah | PAC Muslims | 400 | Unknown | 195 shops looted and burnt, three places of worship damaged by arson. | [29] |
1981 Bihar riots | May 1981 | Bihar Sharif | Dispute over land between Yadavs (an agricultural caste) and Muslims, which was turned communal by Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. | Hindus Muslims | 45 | 70 | N/A | [30] |
1982 Meerut riots | July 1982 | Meerut | Dispute over land between Muslim advocate and Municipality, which was turned into temple-mazaar controversy by Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP). Situation turned serious after visit of RSS Sarsanghchalak, Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras. | Hindus Muslims | 100 | 126 | N/A | [31] |
Nellie massacre | February 1983 | Nellie | Kidnapping and murder of 5 Lalung tribals and alleged rape of two Lalung girls by Bengali Muslims. More broadly, Assam Agitation. | Assamese Bengali Muslims | 2,191 (Unofficial Toll 10,000+) | Unknown | [32] | |
1984 Bhiwandi riot | May 1984 | Bhiwandi | Placement of Saffron flag on top of mosque. | Hindus Muslims | 278 | 1,115 | N/A | [33] |
1984 anti-Sikh riots | 31 October 1984 − 3 November 1984 | Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar | Assassination of Indira Gandhi by her two Sikh bodyguards | Hindus | 3,350 (Government figures) 8,000‐17,000 (Independent estimate) | N/A | N/A | [34] |
1985 Gujarat riots | February –August 1985 | Ahmedabad | Anger among upper castes about proposed increases to reservation for backward classes. Later the riot turned communal and Bhartiya Janta Party and Vishwa Hindu Parishad workers attacked Muslims houses. Muslims who had no role to play in the reservation policy of Madhav Singh Solanki government were victimized. | Hindus Muslims | 275 | N/A | N/A | |
1986 Jammu and Kashmir riots | February–March 1986 | Jammu and Kashmir | Construction of a mosque at the site of an ancient Hindu Temple | Hindus Muslims | Hindu Temples, shops vandalised | [35] | ||
1987 Meerut riots | April–May 1987 | Meerut | Babri Mosque reopened for Hindu worship | Hindus Muslims PAC | 346 (includes 42 killed in Hashimpura massacre) | 159 | N/A | [36] |
1987 Delhi riots | 19–22 May 1987 | Delhi | Rumors about events happening in Meerut triggered communal violence in Delhi | Hindus Muslims | 8 – 15 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1988 Aurangabad violence | 17–20 May 1988 | Aurangabad | Objection to Election results | Hindus Muslims | 26 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1988 Muzaffarnagar | 8–11 October 1988 | Muzaffarnagar | Rally by the BMAC (Babri Masjid Action Committee) | Hindus Muslims | 37 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1988 Karnataka Bidar riots | 14–16 September 1988 | Bidar | Religious procession during Ganesh Chathurti event and over demanding donations from Sikhs | Sikhs Hindus(VHP) | 6 Sikh students killed, 30 injured and | N/A | Property worth lakhs destroyed | [38] |
1989 Jammu anti-Sikh riots | 13 January 1989 | Jammu | Some Sikh pilgrims displaying Satwant Singh and Beant Singh posters during Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti | Sikhs Shiv Sena | 15 Sikhs killed, hundreds injured and property worth crores destroyed | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1989 Bombay | 24 February 1989 | Bombay | Protests against book The Satanic Verses | Muslims | 11 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1989 Kota violence | 14 September 1989 | Kota | Religious procession | Hindus Muslims | 26 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1989 Badaun violence | 28 September 1989 | Badaun | Issue of Urdu-slated to become Uttar Pradesh's second official language | Hindus Muslims | 24 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1989 Indore violence | 14 October 1989 | Indore | Political rally | Hindus Muslims | 23 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1989 Bhagalpur violence | 22–28 October 1989 | Bhagalpur | Religious procession and false rumors about the killing of Hindu students | Hindus Muslims | 1000+ | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1989 Kashmir violence | 1989–1990 | Kashmir | Militancy in valley | Militants Muslims Kashmiri Hindus | 200-1341 | Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus | ||
1990 Gujarat violence | April–October 1990 | Gujarat | Political procession | Hindus Muslims | 12 | N/A | Looting of shops | [37] |
1990 Colonelganj violence | 30 September 1990 | Colonelganj | Stones and petrol bombs thrown at Durga Puja procession | Hindus Muslims | 100 | N/A | Looting of shops | [37] |
1990 Karnataka violence | October 1990 | Ramnagaram, Channapatna, Kolar, Davanagere, Tumkur | Various incidents in different parts of Karnataka state | Hindus Muslims | 46 | N/A | N/A | [39] |
1990 Rajasthan violence | October 1990 | Udaipur, Jaipur | Hindu Ram Jyoti procession (bearing the light of Ram) was stoned & attacked in Udaipur | Hindus Muslims | 50 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1990 Ayodhya firing incident | October, November 1990 | Ayodhya | Uttar Pradesh police fired live ammunition at civilians | Hindus | 16 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1990 Hyderabad riots | 1990 | Hyderabad | Due to Hindus partly demolishing Babri Mosque | Hindus Muslims | 200+ | N/A | N/A | [40][41] |
1990 Aligarh riots | 1990 | Aligarh | Started with an attack on a group of people bound for Etah from the house of Manawwar Hussain, ex- chairman of the Nagar Palika, and from a nearby Masjid | Hindus Muslims | 11+ | Unknown | Unknown | [42] |
1990 Kanpur riots | 1990 | Kanpur | Hawkers selling clothes were attacked and their merchandise burned | Hindus Muslims | 20 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1990 Agra riots | 1990 | Agra | Unknown | Hindus Muslims | 22 | N/A | N/A | [43] |
1990 Gonda riots | 1990 | Gonda | False rumours of throwing of stones and petrol bombs at a Durga Puja procession | Hindus Muslims | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | [44] |
1990 Khurja violence | 1990; December 15–23 and 1991; January 31–February 5 | Khurja | Babri Masjid/Ramjanmabhoomi issue | Hindus Muslims | 96 | N/A | N/A | [45] |
1991 Bhadrak riot | 1991; March 24 | Bhadrak | Babri Masjid/Ramjanmabhoomi issue | Hindus Muslims | 33 | N/A | N/A | [46] |
1991 Saharanpur violence | 1991; March 27 | Saharanpur | Ram Navami procession was prevented from passing near a mosque | Hindus Muslims | 40+ | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1991 Kanpur violence | 1991; May 19 | Kanpur | Babri Masjid/Ramjanmabhoomi controversy | Hindus Muslims | 20 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1991 Meerut violence | 1991; May 20 | Meerut | Election violence | Hindus Muslims | 30 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1991 Varanasi violence | 1991; November 8 and 13 | Meerut | Kali Puja procession attacked | Hindus Muslims | 20 | N/A | N/A | [37] |
1991 anti-Tamil violence in Karnataka | 1991 | Bangalore | Tensions between Kannadigas and Tamils after Cauvery river dispute | Kannadigas Tamils | 16 | N/A | Officially 16 Tamils were killed but real estimate is much higher and Mass exodus of Tamils, more than 200,000 from various parts of Karnataka | [47] |
1992 Sitamarhi violence | 1992; October 2–9 | Sitamarhi | Durga Puja procession shouting slogans such as Jai Shri Ram near a mosque was stopped by some Muslim youths | Hindus Muslims | 65 | N/A | N/A | [48] |
1992 Surat | 1992; October 2–9 | Surat | Babri Masjid/Ramjanmabhoomi controversy | Hindus Muslims | 200+ | N/A | N/A | [49][37] |
1992 Bombay riots | 6 December 1992 – 26 January 1993 | Mumbai | Protests over the demolition of the Babri Masjid | Hindus Muslims | 900 | |||
1992 Karnataka | 1992; December 6–13 | Bangalore, Gulbarga, Hubli, Dharwad | Commencement of Urdu-language news broadcasts in Doordarshan | Hindus Muslims | 30 | N/A | N/A | [50] |
1992 Kanpur | 1992; December 6–11 | Kanpur | Demolition of Babri Masjid | Hindus Muslims | 254 | N/A | N/A | [51] |
1992 Assam | 1992; December 7–8 | Nagaon and Dhubri districts | Demolition of Babri Masjid | Hindus Muslims | 90+ | N/A | As many as 23 temples and mosques were damaged | [52] |
1992 Rajasthan | 1992; December 7–9 | Rajasthan | Demolition of Babri Masjid | Hindus Muslims | 60 | N/A | N/A | [53] |
1992 Calcutta | 1992; December 7–1 | Calcutta | Demolition of Babri Masjid | Hindus Muslims | 35 | N/A | N/A | [53] |
1992 Bhopal | 1992; December 7–15 | Bhopal | Demolition of Babri Masjid | Hindus Muslims | 175 | N/A | N/A | [54] |
1992 Delhi | 1992; December 10 | Delhi | False rumor declaring the Mustafa mosque had been razed to the ground triggered the violence | Hindus Muslims | 53 | N/A | N/A | [55] |
1994 Hubli | 1994; August 15 | Hubli | National flag hoisting at the Idgah Maidan Hubli | Hindus Muslims | 6 | N/A | N/A | [56] |
1994 Bangalore | 1994; October 6–8 | Bangalore | Broadcasting in Urdu of a Doordarshan (television) program | Hindus Muslims | 25 | N/A | N/A | [57] |
1997 Coimbatore riots | 1997; November 29–December 1; 1998; February 14 | Coimbatore | Murder of a police constable by three Muslim youths belonging to the Al-Umma | Hindus Muslims | 60 | N/A | N/A | [57] |
Post 2000
Name | Year | Locations | Cause | Factions | Deaths | Wounded | Damage | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 Gujarat riots | 27 February – 2 March 2002 | Gujarat | The burning of a train in Godhra on 27 February 2002, which caused the deaths of 69 Hindu pilgrims karsevaks returning from Ayodhya triggered the violence. The Naroda Patiya massacre took place on 28 February 2002 at Naroda, in Ahmedabad. 97 Muslims were killed by a mob of approximately 5,000 people, organised by the Bajrang Dal, a wing of the Vishva Hindu Parishad, and allegedly supported by the Bharatiya Janata Party which was in power in the Gujarat State Government. | Hindu Muslims | 1044 Official Figure, 2000 Unofficial | 2500+ official | [58] | |
2005 Mau riots | 2005; October 13–14 | Mau | Hindus performing the Ramayana scene of Bharat Milap attacked by Muslims | Hindus Muslims | 14 | N/A | N/A | [59] |
2005 Lucknow riots | 2006, March 3 | Lucknow | Danish Mohammed cartoons | Hindus Muslims | 4 | N/A | N/A | [60] |
2006 Vadodara riots | 1 May 2006 – 3 May 2006 | Gujarat | Municipal council's decision to remove the dargah (shrine) of Syed Chishti Rashiduddin | Hindus Muslims | 8 | 42 | [61] | |
2007 Christmas violence in Kandhamal | 2007, Dec 24-27 | Kandhamal district | Christmas celebrations | Hindus, Christians | 3-50 | 100+ Churches burnt down, demolished or vandalized, 100+ Christian institutions burnt down or vandalized, 837+ families left homeless, 700-730 houses (120 belonging to Hindus) were burnt or damaged. | [62] | |
2008 Kandhamal violence | 2008, Aug 25-28 | Kandhamal district | Murder of Lakshmanananda Saraswati | Hindus, Christians | 39-90 | 18,000+ | 395+ Churches burnt down, demolished or vandalized, 54,000+ left homeless, 5,600+ houses ransacked or burnt down, 600+ Villages ransacked | [63] |
2008 Indore (Madhya Pradesh) | 2008, July 3–4 | Indore | Conflict revocation of land allotment for the Amarnath Temple in Kashmir | Hindus Muslims | 8 | N/A | N/A | [60] |
2012 Assam violence | 20 July – 15 September 2012 | Assam | Killing of 4 Bodo youths by unidentified miscreants | Bodos, Bengali Muslims | 77+ | 4 lakhs displaced temporarily | [64] | |
2013 Canning riots | 21 February 2013 | West Bengal | Killing of Muslim cleric by unidentified assailants | Muslims Hindus | 200 Hindu homes burnt. | [65] | ||
2013 Muzaffarnagar riots | 27 August 2013 – 17 September 2013 | Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh | Disputed | Hindus Muslims | 60+ | 93 | [66] | |
2014 Saharanpur riots | 25 July 2014 – 26 July 2014 | Saharanpur | Disputed land | Muslims Sikhs | 3 | 33 | [67] | |
2015 Nadia riots | 5 May 2015 | Nadia district, West Bengal | Religious procession | Muslims Hindus | 4 | 8 | Houses burnt | [68] |
2016 Kaliachak riots | 3 January 2016 | Kaliachak, Malda district | Muslim protest against the alleged derogatory remarks of Hindu Mahasabha leader Kamlesh Tiwari towards Muhammad | Muslims Hindus and police | 0 | 30+ | 500 homes torched, destruction of police stations and Hindu temples | [69][70] |
2016 anti-Tamil riots | 13-14 September 2016 | Bengaluru | Tensions between Kannadigas and Tamils after Cauvery river dispute | Mob, Public | 2 protesters because of police firing | N/A | 100+ cars, buses, trucks and shops belonging to Tamilians torched in Bangalore thousands of Tamil people flee the city as violence engulfed and ravaged the city | [71] |
2016 Coimbatore riots | September 22 – 26 | Coimbatore | Death of Hindu Munnani leader | Police BJP and Hindu Munnani supporters | 12 | Destruction of police vans, Muslim-owned properties, Hindu temples | ||
2016 Dhulagarh riots | 12 December 2016 | Panchla, Howrah | Refusal to allow Mawlid processions to march | Hindus Muslims | ||||
2017 Baduria riots | 2 July 2017 | Baduria, West Bengal | Alleged derogatory facebook post by a Hindu student | Muslims Hindus | 23+ | 65 year old Hindu man stabbed to death by a Muslim mob. | [72] | |
2017 Northern India riots | 25 August 2017 | Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and New Delhi | Rape conviction of Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh | Dera Sacha Sauda Followers | 41+ | 300+ | Mostly in Police firing to suppress the Destruction. | [73][74] |
2018 Bihar riots | 17 March 2018, 24 March 2018, 25 March 2018, 27 March 2018, 28 March 2018 & 30 March 2018 | Bihar (17 March Bhagalpur, 24 March Siwan, 25 March Aurangabad, 27 March Samastipur, 27 March Munger, 28 March Silao(Nalanda), 28 March Sheikhpura, 30 March Nawada) | Clashes erupted during Ram Navami processions between BJP, Bajrang Dal, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Muslims | Hindus Muslims | 0 | 35+ | 4 Hindu temples vandalized including the Hanuman idols and murtis inside of them broken and one mosque also vandalised, vehicles, shops were burnt | [75] |
2020 Delhi riots | 23 February 2020 – 1 March 2020 | North East Delhi | CAA-NRC Protests | Muslims, Hindu | 53 | 200+ | Shops, houses vehicles and mosque | [76][77][78][79] |
2020 Bangalore riots | 11–12 August 2020 | KG Halli and DJ Halli, eastern Bengaluru | Protest by Muslims against a derogatory social media post about Muhammad. | Muslims Police | 5 | Unknown | Homes, shops, vehicles and police station | [80] |
2021 Assam eviction violence | 24 September 2021 | Dholpur, Darrang district | Eviction drive against alleged illegal settlers | Assam police, Illegal settlers | 2 | 9 policemen injured | 2 people shot dead by police including 12 year old boy | [81] |
2022 Shivamogga riots | 20 February 2022 – 22 February 2022 | Shivamogga, Karnataka | Murder of Bajrang Dal activist Harsha | Bajrang Dal workers Muslims | 0 | 20 injured | 100 vehicles torched, Houses and shops vandalised | [82] |
2022 Kanpur violence | 3 June 2022 | Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh | 2022 Muhammad remarks controversy | Muslims Police | 0 | 40+ injured | [83] | |
2022 Ranchi violence | 10 June 2022 | Ranchi, Jharkhand | 2022 Muhammad remarks controversy | Muslims Police | 2 | 24 injured | [84] | |
2023-24 Manipur violence | 3 May 2023 - 25 July 2024 | Meitei and Kuki-dominated districts of Manipur | Various: Attempt to give Meiteis ST reservation, Manipur govt crackdown on land encroachment, Meitei fears of illegal immigration | Meiteis Kukis | 60+ | 230+ | Churches, temples, schools, houses, vehicles, public properties were set ablaze by the violent protesters. | [85][86][87] |
2023 Haryana riots | 31 July 2023 - 3 August 2023 | Nuh, later Gurgaon and Sohna | Passage of Hindu procession with rumoured participation of Monu Manesar, a cow vigilante known for murder of several Muslims | Meo Muslims Hindus | 7 | 200+ | Mosque and public properties were set ablaze by the violent mobs. | [88][89] |
2023 Shivamogga violence | 28 September 2023 - 3 October 2023 | Shimoga | Cutout of Tipu Sultan being covered by police for being inciteful | Muslims police | 0 | 230+ | Murders, attacking innocent people, police and public properties were set ablaze by the violent protesters. | [90] |
2023 Satara riots | 10 September 2023 | Satara | Riots by Hindus who were provoked by abusive comments made by Muslims against Hindu deities Lord Ram & Lady Sita, as well as against the Maratha ruler Shivaji Maharaj | Hindus Muslims | 1 | 10 | Shops, houses vehicles and mosques burned or targeted | [91] |
2024 Haldwani riots | 9 February 2024 | Haldwani | Demolition of a madrasa and Masjid as part of a district anti-encroachment drive | Local residents (mainly Muslim) Police | 5 | 100+ | Police station, vehicles, and houses burnt | [92] |
See also
Notes
- ^ "The date of the Hindu festival of Holi coincided with Barawafat, the Musalman day of mourning, in 1910, which led to a very serious riot between the Hindus and Musalmans of the Peshawar City resulting in a considerable loss of life. There was a wholescale plunder of Hindu houses and shops."[8]: 92–93
- ^ "On 22nd February 1910, a meeting of leading Muslims and Hindu leaders was called by deputy commissioner of Peshawar at the Municipal Hall in which arrangements regarding the upcoming festivals were discussed and a committee was established consisting of prominent leaders from both sides. It was decided in the meeting that the Holi should be celebrated quietly until the 25th March. There should be only two processions, namely from the Hindu quarter of Andar Shahr to that of Karimpura and vice-versa. The Muslim of the city should not join the procession and the troops should celebrate Holi in their lines and some leading men from both sides will supervise the arrangement at Hasting Memorial and other at Clock Tower."[7]: 23–24
- ^ On 21st March the Deputy Commissioner was informed by deputy superintendent of police Zain ul Abidin that the situation in the city is not good as Hindu brought some musicians from Amritsar and a dancing boy from Hari Pur and they are intending to lead the procession on an unauthorized route. The superintendent of police suggested the deputy commissioner that the Holi should not be allowed as the situations going to create clash. Mr. Blackway sent some Hindu leader to enquire the situation. These Hindu gentlemen assured the deputy commissioner that the situation is friendly and nothing bad is going to be happened. There is no musician with the Holi and it would follow the old route. At the same time some Muslim leaders reported to the deputy commissioner about the Muslim mob who intended to stop the Holi procession. They also suggested that Holi procession should be stopped to avoid an expected clash between the two communities. However, after the surety of the Hindu leaders that there are no musicians and dancing boys and that the procession is not going on an unauthorized route the deputy commissioner was stuck to follow his old plan. This was the point which was misunderstood and created communal violence in the city.[7]: 24
- ^ Around 8 pm when the Holi procession at Asa Mai gate was about to depart on the route to Pir Rathan Nath Dharamshala sub inspector Kanhya Lal who was posted at Chita Khuo informed the police head quarter that a mob of Muslim also assembled to stop it and the two mobs started abusing each other. Leaders from both sides tried to control the situation but the people from both sides refused to pay any heed to their leaders. Meanwhile, a Hindu Mahr Singh stabbed a Muslim with knife. Mahr Singh was chased by the mob and captured him at Bara Bazar. At the same time two Muslims Jani and Ahmad were killed by Hindu with knives. Police report for 21st March 1911, provides that two Muslim were killed and three wounded while from Hindu side two people were killed and eleven were wounded and eleven shops were broken.[7]: 24
- ^ When the funeral party was ousted from the city a riffraff of Muslim consisting of people from trans-border areas and Afghanistan remained in the city that started plundering and broke 285 shops. A violent clash was started in which two Hindus and one Muslim was killed... The next day on 23rd March the looting of shops started again. The first case was reported in Ramdas Bazar where the Muslim despite the Military and Police patrolling looted the Hindu shops. A Hindu, reader of Nawab of Landi fired and wounded two Muslim. The local Hindu during investigation denied the fact but Military intelligence reported that he fired and wounded two people. He was arrested and sent on trial under India Penal Code. Two Hindu were killed at Ram Das Bazar. It was also reported that in Mewa Mandi a mob of Afridi and Mohmand tribes started plundering and looted many shops. People from tribal areas were also involved in this looting. 11 shops were broken in Ram Das Bazar that day... The official records about the events of the day had self-contradictory statements. The starting paragraphs of police and commissioner reports claims that everything was good at the start of the day but after a while the situation was out of control in the whole city. For instance, police reports provides that around 10:00 am, in Karimpura a police constable Chettan Ram was struck on head and the mob at Bara Bazar started the slogan “Maro Hindu Ko”.[7]: 25
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Further reading
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