Ontario Peninsula
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ontario_Peninsula.jpg/220px-Ontario_Peninsula.jpg)
The Ontario Peninsula is the southernmost part of the province of Ontario and of Canada as a whole. It is bounded by Lake Huron to the west, Lake Ontario to the east, and Lake Erie to the south. At its tip, the peninsula is separated from Michigan by the Detroit River, the St. Clair River, and Lake St. Clair. A secondary peninsula, the Niagara Peninsula, projects toward New York on its eastern side and ends at the Niagara River.
The Bruce Peninsula is often considered separate from the Ontario Peninsula due to its colder boreal climate and marine culture.
The corner of the peninsula that lies on Lake Ontario is known as the Golden Horseshoe and forms Canada's largest population centre. Other large cities include London and Windsor.
Climate
Like other parts of southern Canada, the Ontario Peninsula enjoys warm or hot summers often passing 30°C and rarely 40°C during extreme heatwaves. During the summer, the peninsula has normal thunderstorm activity, including severe thunderstorms that can have hail, damaging winds, and even tornadoes during peak season. It has cold winters, and snowfall can be abundant, particularly in the affected Snowbelt locations. However, there are many winter thaw periods that break the entrenched cold. The Ontario Peninsula has a humid continental climate; specifically, most of it falls into the Köppen climate classification Dfb except for Essex County, Chatham-Kent, and parts of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and the Niagara Peninsula, which are within the Dfa zone. However, the entire peninsula is near the Dfa/Dfb borderline.
History
Anishinaabe tribes, particularly the Mississaugas, are indigenous to the Ontario Peninsula.[1][2] Southern Ontario was colonized by France in the 1600s, but the British gained control of Ontario after the Seven Years' War.
The Ontario Peninsula experienced much of the fighting during the War of 1812,[3] including the Americans invading it and burning York (now called Toronto). After the war, population and trade boomed, and the Welland Canal was built.
When the British divided Canada into separate provinces, Toronto became the capital of Ontario and eventually became the main economic centre of Canada.
Most populous entities
By each definition, Toronto or its corresponding entity is the most populous not only in the Ontario Peninsula but also in Canada as a whole.
Most populous metropolitan areas
Rank (2016) | Rank (2011) | Geographic name | Type | Population (2016) | Population (2011) | Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Toronto (Mississauga, Brampton, Markham, Vaughan) | CMA | 5,928,040 | 5,583,064 | +6.18% |
2 | 2 | Hamilton (Burlington) | CMA | 747,545 | 721,053 | +3.67% |
3 | 3 | Kitchener–Waterloo–Cambridge | CMA | 523,894 | 496,383 | +5.54% |
4 | 4 | London | CMA | 494,069 | 474,786 | +4.06% |
5 | 5 | St. Catharines–Niagara (Niagara Falls, Welland) | CMA | 406,074 | 392,184 | +3.54% |
6 | 6 | Oshawa (Whitby, Clarington) | CMA | 379,848 | 356,177 | +6.65% |
7 | 7 | Windsor (Lakeshore) | CMA | 329,144 | 319,246 | +3.10% |
8 | 8 | Barrie (Innisfil) | CMA | 197,059 | 187,013 | +5.37% |
9 | 9 | Brantford (Brant) | CMA | 134,203 | 135,501 | −0.96% |
10 | 10 | Chatham-Kent | CA | 102,042 | 104,075 | −1.95% |
11 | 11 | Sarnia (St. Clair) | CA | 96,151 | 97,131 | −1.01% |
12 | 12 | Norfolk | CA | 64,044 | 63,175 | +1.38% |
13 | 13 | Leamington (Kingsville) | CA | 49,147 | 49,765 | −1.24% |
14 | 14 | Woodstock | CA | 40,902 | 37,754 | +8.34% |
15 | 15 | Midland (Tay, Penetanguishene) | CA | 35,859 | 35,419 | +1.24% |
16 | 16 | Owen Sound (Georgian Bluffs) | CA | 31,820 | 32,092 | −0.85% |
17 | 17 | Stratford | CA | 31,465 | 30,903 | +1.82% |
18 | 18 | Centre Wellington | CA | 28,191 | 26,693 | +5.61% |
19 | 19 | Collingwood | CA | 21,793 | 19,241 | +13.26% |
20 | 20 | Wasaga Beach | CA | 20,675 | 17,537 | +17.89% |
21 | 21 | Tillsonburg | CA | 15,872 | 15,301 | +3.73% |
22 | 22 | Ingersoll | CA | 12,757 | 12,146 | +5.03% |
[4]
Most populous municipalities
Rank (2016) | Municipality | Municipal status | Land area (km2, 2011) | Growth Rate 2011–2016 | Population (2016) | Population (2011) | Population (2006) | Population (2001) | Population (1996) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Toronto | City | 630.2 | 4.46% | 2,731,571 | 2,615,060 | 2,503,281 | 2,481,494 | 2,385,421 |
2 | Mississauga | City | 292.4 | 1.14% | 721,599 | 713,443 | 668,549 | 612,925 | 544,382 |
3 | Brampton | City | 266.3 | 13.31% | 593,638 | 523,911 | 433,806 | 325,428 | 268,251 |
4 | Hamilton | City | 1,117.2 | 3.26% | 536,917 | 519,949 | 504,559 | 490,268 | 467,799 |
5 | London | City | 420.6 | 4.83% | 383,822 | 366,151 | 352,395 | 336,539 | 325,669 |
6 | Markham | City | 212.6 | 9.03% | 328,966 | 301,709 | 261,573 | 208,615 | 173,383 |
7 | Vaughan | City | 273.5 | 6.22% | 306,233 | 288,301 | 238,866 | 182,022 | 132,549 |
8 | Kitchener | City | 136.8 | 6.42% | 233,222 | 219,153 | 204,668 | 190,399 | 178,420 |
9 | Windsor | City | 146.3 | 2.99% | 217,188 | 210,891 | 216,473 | 209,218 | 197,694 |
10 | Richmond Hill | Town | 101.0 | 5.11% | 195,022 | 185,541 | 162,704 | 132,030 | 101,725 |
11 | Oakville | Town | 138.9 | 6.20% | 193,832 | 182,520 | 165,613 | 144,738 | 128,405 |
12 | Burlington | City | 185.7 | 4.29% | 183,314 | 175,779 | 164,415 | 150,836 | 136,976 |
13 | Oshawa | City | 145.68 | 6.6% | 159,458 | 149,607 | 141,590 | 139,051 | 134,364 |
14 | Barrie | City | 77.4 | 4.22% | 141,434 | 135,711 | 128,430 | 103,710 | 79,191 |
15 | St. Catharines | City | 96.1 | 1.30% | 133,113 | 131,400 | 131,989 | 129,170 | 130,926 |
16 | Guelph | City | 87.2 | 8.30% | 131,794 | 121,688 | 114,943 | 106,170 | 95,821 |
17 | Cambridge | City | 113.0 | 2.50% | 129,920 | 126,748 | 120,371 | 110,372 | 101,429 |
18 | Whitby | Town | 146.53 | 5.2% | 128,377 | 122,022 | 111,184 | 87,413 | 73,794 |
19 | Ajax | Town | 67.1 | 9.19% | 119,677 | 109,600 | 90,167 | 73,753 | 64,430 |
20 | Milton | Town | 363.2 | 30.54% | 110,128 | 84,362 | 53,939 | 31,471 | 32,104 |
21 | Waterloo | City | 64.0 | 6.28% | 104,986 | 98,780 | 97,475 | 86,543 | 77,949 |
22 | Chatham-Kent | Municipality | 2,458.1 | -1.95% | 101,647 | 103,671 | 108,177 | 107,341 | 109,950 |
23 | Brantford | City | 72.5 | 4.11% | 97,496 | 93,650 | 90,192 | 86,417 | 86,417 |
24 | Pickering | City | 231.6 | 3.44% | 91,771 | 88,721 | 87,838 | 87,139 | 78,989 |
25 | Niagara Falls | City | 209.7 | 6.11% | 88,071 | 82,997 | 82,184 | 78,815 | 76,917 |
26 | Newmarket | Town | 38.3 | 5.31% | 84,224 | 79,978 | 74,295 | 65,788 | 57,125 |
27 | Sarnia | City | 164.7 | -1.07% | 71,594 | 72,366 | 71,419 | 70,876 | 72,738 |
28 | Caledon | Town | 688.2 | 11.84% | 66,502 | 59,460 | 57,050 | 50,605 | 39,893 |
29 | Norfolk County | City | 1,607.6 | 1.38% | 64,044 | 63,175 | 62,563 | 60,847 | 60,534 |
30 | Halton Hills | Town | 276.3 | 3.64% | 61,161 | 59,013 | 55,289 | 48,184 | 42,390 |
31 | Aurora | Town | 49.8 | 4.21% | 55,445 | 53,203 | 47,629 | 40,167 | 34,857 |
32 | Welland | City | 81.1 | 3.28% | 52,293 | 50,631 | 50,331 | 48,402 | 48,411 |
Most populous population centres
Rank | Population centre | Size group | Population in 2016 | Population in 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Toronto | Large urban | 5,429,524 | 5,144,412 |
2 | Hamilton | Large urban | 693,645 | 671,008 |
3 | Waterloo | Large urban | 470,015 | 446,295 |
4 | London | Large urban | 383,437 | 365,715 |
5 | Windsor | Large urban | 287,069 | 277,970 |
6 | St. Catharines–Niagara | Large urban | 229,246 | 220,616 |
7 | Barrie | Large urban | 145,614 | 140,383 |
8 | Guelph | Large urban | 132,397 | 122,457 |
9 | Milton | Large urban | 101,715 | 75,880 |
10 | Brantford | Medium | 98,179 | 94,269 |
11 | Sarnia | Medium | 72,125 | 73,044 |
12 | Welland–Pelham | Medium | 62,388 | 60,540 |
13 | Chatham | Medium | 43,550 | 44,676 |
14 | Georgetown | Medium | 42,123 | 40,185 |
15 | St. Thomas | Medium | 41,813 | 40,973 |
16 | Woodstock | Medium | 40,404 | 37,443 |
17 | Leamington | Medium | 32,991 | 32,520 |
18 | Stouffville | Small | 32,634 | 24,654 |
19 | Stratford | Medium | 31,053 | 30,516 |
20 | Orangeville | Medium | 30,734 | 29,007 |
21 | Bradford | Small | 29,862 | 23,024 |
22 | Keswick–Elmhurst Beach | Small | 26,757 | 26,002 |
23 | Bolton | Small | 26,378 | 27,108 |
24 | Midland | Medium | 24,353 | 23,791 |
25 | Innisfil | Small | 23,992 | 20,365 |
26 | Owen Sound | Small | 22,032 | 22,354 |
27 | Fergus | Small | 20,767 | 19,335 |
28 | Collingwood | Small | 20,102 | 17,986 |
29 | Alliston | Small | 18,809 | 15,343 |
30 | Wasaga Beach | Small | 17,808 | 15,378 |
31 | Tillsonburg | Small | 15,594 | 14,933 |
32 | Port Colborne | Small | 15,037 | 15,079 |
33 | Fort Erie | Small | 14,621 | 14,490 |
34 | Strathroy | Small | 14,401 | 14,391 |
35 | Simcoe | Small | 13,922 | 13,383 |
36 | Amherstburg | Small | 13,910 | 13,724 |
37 | New Hamburg | Small | 13,595 | 11,709 |
38 | Angus–Borden CFB-BFC | Small | 12,640 | 10,132 |
39 | Ingersoll | Small | 12,587 | 11,977 |
40 | Paris | Small | 12,310 | 11,722 |
41 | Beamsville | Small | 11,834 | 10,655 |
42 | Elmira | Small | 10,161 | 9,677 |
43 | Wallaceburg | Small | 10,098 | 10,127 |
44 | Caledonia | Small | 9,674 | 9,871 |
45 | Acton | Small | 9,462 | 9,506 |
46 | Binbrook | Small | 8,794 | 4,926 |
47 | Crystal Beach | Small | 8,524 | 8,059 |
48 | Kincardine | Small | 8,315 | 7,802 |
49 | Shelburne | Small | 8,126 | 5,841 |
50 | Port Elgin | Small | 7,862 | 7,304 |
51 | Aylmer | Small | 7,621 | 7,249 |
52 | Goderich | Small | 7,536 | 7,327 |
53 | Sutton | Small | 7,531 | 6,694 |
54 | Listowel | Small | 7,530 | 6,828 |
55 | Essex | Small | 7,446 | 7,127 |
56 | Hanover | Small | 7,413 | 7,240 |
57 | King | Small | 6,970 | 4,603 |
58 | St. Marys | Small | 6,951 | 6,373 |
59 | Port Dover | Small | 6,161 | 5,710 |
59 | Dunnville | Small | 5,759 | 5,267 |
61 | Corunna | Small | 5,686 | 5,892 |
62 | Chippawa | Small | 5,620 | 5,246 |
63 | Smithville | Small | 5,489 | 4,842 |
64 | Tay | Small | 5,408 | 5,217 |
65 | Petrolia | Small | 5,375 | 5,144 |
66 | Tottenham | Small | 5,143 | 4,720 |
67 | Mount Albert | Small | 4,925 | 4,044 |
68 | Meaford | Small | 4,910 | 4,860 |
69 | Tilbury | Small | 4,768 | 4,675 |
70 | Mississauga Beach | Small | 4,662 | 4,349 |
71 | Exeter | Small | 4,649 | 4,210 |
72 | Mount Forest | Small | 4,643 | 4,466 |
73 | Rockwood | Small | 4,629 | 4,290 |
74 | Nobleton | Small | 4,614 | 2,554 |
75 | Mitchell | Small | 4,573 | 4,257 |
76 | Walkerton | Small | 4,517 | 4,403 |
77 | Blenheim | Small | 4,344 | 4,595 |
78 | Caledon East | Small | 4,282 | 2,706 |
79 | Delhi | Small | 4,240 | 4,172 |
80 | Ayr | Small | 4,171 | 3,909 |
81 | Vineland | Small | 4,074 | 3,807 |
82 | Stayner | Small | 4,029 | 3,844 |
83 | Dorchester | Small | 3,911 | 4,003 |
84 | Beeton | Small | 3,730 | 3,730 |
85 | Southampton | Small | 3,678 | 3,382 |
86 | St. George | Small | 3,255 | 3,124 |
87 | Wellesley | Small | 3,246 | 2,929 |
88 | Ballantrae | Small | 3,223 | 2,994 |
89 | Waterford | Small | 3,132 | 3,027 |
90 | Clinton | Small | 3,049 | 2,979 |
91 | Ridgetown | Small | 3,002 | 2,986 |
92 | Tavistock | Small | 2,955 | 2,784 |
93 | Hagersville | Small | 2,939 | 2,579 |
94 | Virgil | Small | 2,937 | 2,734 |
95 | Wingham | Small | 2,934 | 2,875 |
96 | Wheatley | Small | 2,898 | 2,934 |
97 | Norwich | Small | 2,852 | 2,707 |
98 | Harrow | Small | 2,710 | 2,713 |
99 | Schomberg | Small | 2,691 | 2,321 |
100 | Grand Bend | Small | 2,684 | 2,564 |
101 | Seaforth | Small | 2,680 | 2,627 |
102 | Erin | Small | 2,647 | 2,523 |
103 | Palmerston | Small | 2,624 | 2,599 |
104 | Durham | Small | 2,609 | 2,635 |
105 | Lucan | Small | 2,541 | 2,014 |
106 | Thornbury | Small | 2,485 | 2,363 |
107 | Dresden | Small | 2,451 | 2,385 |
108 | Wyoming | Small | 2,361 | 2,248 |
109 | Arthur | Small | 2,333 | 2,314 |
110 | Elmvale | Small | 2,314 | 2,248 |
111 | Forest | Small | 2,277 | 2,389 |
112 | Colchester | Small | 2,229 | 2,104 |
113 | Port Stanley | Small | 2,148 | 2,270 |
114 | Glencoe | Small | 2,126 | 2,065 |
115 | Thamesford | Small | 2,116 | 1,953 |
116 | Drayton | Small | 2,111 | 1,775 |
117 | Dundalk | Small | 2,046 | 1,988 |
118 | Wiarton | Small | 1,989 | 2,034 |
119 | St. Jacobs | Small | 1,988 | 1,891 |
120 | Carlisle | Small | 1,869 | 1,879 |
121 | McGregor | Small | 1,859 | 1,474 |
122 | Ilderton | Small | 1,856 | 1,700 |
123 | Chesley | Small | 1,843 | 1,895 |
124 | Mount Brydges | Small | 1,842 | 1,834 |
125 | Harriston | Small | 1,797 | 1,700 |
126 | Parkhill | Small | 1,737 | 1,853 |
127 | Cayuga | Small | 1,713 | 1,622 |
128 | Oro Station–Hawkestone | Small | 1,691 | 1,682 |
129 | Everett | Small | 1,670 | 1,645 |
130 | Grand Valley | Small | 1,643 | 1,476 |
131 | Milverton | Small | 1,576 | 1,476 |
132 | Watford | Small | 1,536 | 1,491 |
133 | Caledon | Small | 1,482 | 1,572 |
134 | Dutton | Small | 1,368 | 1,300 |
135 | Plattsville | Small | 1,366 | 1,143 |
136 | West Lorne | Small | 1,337 | 1,415 |
137 | Mildmay | Small | 1,219 | 1,178 |
138 | Markdale | Small | 1,216 | 1,175 |
139 | Cookstown | Small | 1,214 | 975 |
140 | Claremont | Small | 1,202 | 1,175 |
141 | Stevensville | Small | 1,179 | 1,054 |
142 | Creemore | Small | 1,170 | 1,147 |
143 | Bourget | Small | 1,169 | 1,080 |
144 | Belmont | Small | 1,140 | 1,026 |
145 | Lucknow | Small | 1,121 | 1,095 |
146 | New Dundee | Small | 1,119 | 1,219 |
147 | Bayfield | Small | 1,112 | 951 |
148 | Port Rowan | Small | 1,102 | 1,069 |
149 | Stoney Point | Small | 1,087 | 1,146 |
150 | Paisley | Small | 1,045 | 998 |
151 | Palgrave | Small | 1,044 | 1,002 |
152 | Jarvis | Small | 1,037 | 913 |
References
- ^ Ross, Thomas E. (10 April 2019). A Cultural Geography of North American Indians. ISBN 9780429712753.
- ^ Cleland, Charles (5 October 2011). Faith in Paper. ISBN 9780472028498.
- ^ "Battles". The War of 1812 Website. The Discriminating General. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- ^ "Statistical Area Classification - Variant of SGC 2016 (Census metropolitan area and census agglomeration)". Statistics Canada. November 16, 2016. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
There are 35 CMAs and 117 CAs in 2016. Two new CMAs were created: Belleville (Ont.) and Lethbridge (Alta.). Eight new CAs were created: Gander (N.L.), Sainte-Marie (Que.), Arnprior (Ont.), Carleton Place (Ont.), Wasaga Beach (Ont.), Winkler (Man.), Weyburn (Sask.) and Nelson (Alta.). The CAs of Amos (Que.) and Temiskaming Shores (Ont.) were retired because the population of their cores dropped below 10,000 in 2011.
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