Patch antenna
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Patch_antenna_pattern.gif/220px-Patch_antenna_pattern.gif)
A patch antenna is a type of antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a surface. It means that it is printed on the dielectric material. It consists of a planar rectangular, circular, triangular, or any geometrical sheet or "patch" of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. They are the original type of microstrip antenna described by Howell in 1972.[1]
The two metal sheets together form a resonant piece of microstrip transmission line with a length of approximately one-half wavelength of the radio waves. The radiation mechanism arises from fringing fields along the radiating edges.[2] The radiation at the edges causes the antenna to act slightly larger electrically than its physical dimensions, so in order for the antenna to be resonant, a length of microstrip transmission line slightly shorter than one-half the wavelength at the frequency is used. The patch antenna is mainly practical at microwave frequencies, at which wavelengths are short enough that the patches are conveniently small. It is widely used in portable wireless devices because of the ease of fabricating it on printed circuit boards. Multiple patch antennas on the same substrate (see image) called microstrip antennas, can be used to make high gain array antennas, and phased arrays in which the beam can be electronically steered.
A variant of the patch antenna commonly used in mobile phones is the shorted patch antenna, or planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). In this antenna, one corner of the patch (or sometimes one edge) is grounded with a ground pin. This variant has better matching than the standard patch.
See also
- Microwave Radiometer (Juno) (Space probe instrument, uses patch array antennas)
References
External links
- Patch Antenna Tutorial EM Talk
- The basics of patch antennas
- A Dual-Band Rectangular CPW Folded Slot Antenna for GNSS Applications
- v
- t
- e
- Isotropic radiator
- Batwing antenna
- Biconical antenna
- Cage aerial
- Coaxial antenna
- Crossed field antenna
- Dielectric resonator antenna
- Dipole antenna
- Discone antenna
- Folded unipole antenna
- Franklin antenna
- Ground-plane antenna
- G5RV antenna
- Halo antenna
- Helical antenna
- Inverted-F antenna
- Inverted vee antenna
- J-pole antenna
- Mast radiator
- Monopole antenna
- Random wire antenna
- Rubber ducky antenna
- Sloper antenna
- Turnstile antenna
- T2FD antenna
- T-antenna
- Umbrella antenna
- Whip antenna
- Adcock antenna
- AS-2259 Antenna
- AWX antenna
- Beverage antenna
- Cantenna
- Cassegrain antenna
- Choke ring antenna
- Collinear antenna array
- Conformal antenna
- Corner reflector antenna
- Curtain array
- Folded inverted conformal antenna
- Fractal antenna
- Gizmotchy
- Helical antenna
- Horn antenna
- Log-periodic antenna
- Loop antenna
- Microstrip antenna
- Moxon antenna
- Offset dish antenna
- Patch antenna
- Phased array
- Planar array
- Parabolic antenna
- Plasma antenna
- Quad antenna
- Reflective array antenna
- Regenerative loop antenna
- Rhombic antenna
- Sector antenna
- Short backfire antenna
- Slot antenna
- Sterba antenna
- Vivaldi antenna
- WokFi
- Yagi–Uda antenna