Peninsulares
- View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
- Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
- Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 897 articles in the main category, and specifying
|topic=
will aid in categorization. - Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
- You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Peninsular]]; see its history for attribution.
- You may also add the template
{{Translated|es|Peninsular}}
to the talk page. - For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
In the context of the Spanish Empire, a peninsular (Spanish pronunciation: [peninsuˈlaɾ], pl. peninsulares) was a Spaniard born in Spain residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea.[1] In the context of the Portuguese Empire, reinóis (singular reinol) were Portuguese people born in Portugal residing primarily in Portuguese America; children born in Brazil to two reinóis parents were known as mazombos.
Spaniards born in the Spanish Philippines were called insular/es or originally filipino/s[2][3], before "Filipino" now came to be known as all of the modern citizens of the now sovereign independent Philippines. Spaniards born in the colonies of the New World that today comprises the Hispanic America are called criollos (individuals of full Spanish descent born in the New World).
Higher offices in Spanish America and the Spanish Philippines were held by peninsulares. Apart from the distinction of peninsulares from criollo, the castas system distinguished also mestizos of mixed Spanish and Amerindian ancestry in the Americas, and 'mestizos de español' (mixed Spanish and native Filipino (Spanish Filipino)), or 'tornatrás' (mixed Spanish and Sangley Chinese (Chinese Filipino)) in the Philippines / Spanish East Indies, mulatos (of mixed Spanish and black ancestry), indios (Amerindians / Native Filipinos), zambos (mixed Amerindian and black ancestry) and finally negros. In some places and times, such as during the wars of independence, peninsulares or members of conservative parties were called depreciatively godos (meaning Goths, referring to the "Visigoths", who had ruled Spain and were considered the origin of Spanish aristocracy) or, in Mexico, gachupines.[4] Godos is still used pejoratively in the Canary Islands for the peninsular Spanish, and in Chile for Spaniards.[5]
See also
- Dominant minority
- Isleños
- Gachupín
- List of governors in the viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
- List of viceroys of New Granada
- List of viceroys of New Spain
- List of viceroys of Peru
References
- ^ "Peninsular". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- ^ Wickberg, E. (March 1964). "The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History" (PDF). Journal of Southeast Asian History. 5: 63. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002222. hdl:1808/1129 – via KU ScholarWorks.
- ^ Perdon, Renato (December 31, 2013). "The origin of Filipino". Munting Nayon.
- ^ gachupín in the Diccionario de la lengua española
- ^ "godo". Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish) (electrónica 23.3 ed.). Real Academia Española, Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- v
- t
- e
- Bold refers to countries, regions and territories in which the majority ethnic group is generally considered to be people of white European descent.
by location
Africa | |
---|---|
Asia | |
North America | |
South America | |
Oceania |
phenomena and theories
- Light skin
Commons