Rosablanca Formation
Rosablanca Formation | |
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Stratigraphic range: Valanginian ~136–133 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ | |
Type | Geological formation |
Underlies | Paja Fm., Ritoque Fm. |
Overlies | Cumbres Fm., Girón Fm., Los Medios Fm. |
Thickness | ~470 m (1,540 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Sandstone |
Other | Shale |
Location | |
Coordinates | 4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556 |
Region | Altiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Ranges, Andes |
Country | ![]() |
Type section | |
Named by | Wheeler |
Location | Mesa de Los Santos |
Year defined | 1929 |
Coordinates | 4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556 |
Region | Boyacá, Santander |
Country | ![]() |
The Rosablanca Formation (Spanish: Formación Rosablanca, Kir) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes and the Middle Magdalena Basin. The formation consists of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with at the upper part sandstones. The formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Valanginian epoch and has a thickness of 425 metres (1,394 ft) in the valley of the Sogamoso River.
Definition
The formation was first defined by Wheeler in 1929.[1]
Description
Lithologies
The Rosablanca Formation is characterised by a sequence of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with a maximum thickness of 425 metres (1,394 ft) in the Sogamoso River valley.[1]
Stratigraphy and depositional environment
The Rosablanca Formation overlies the Arcabuco Formation and is overlain by the Ritoque Formation. The age has been estimated to be Valanginian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Macanal Formation.[1]
Fossils
Fossils of the decapod crustacean Diaulax rosablanca have been found in and named after the Rosablanca Formation.[2] In 2019, fossils of brachiopodSellithyris elizabetha were described from the formation.[3] In 2020 remains of indeterminate pterosaurs were described from the formation, including pterodactyloids and non-Pteranodontian ornithocheiroids.[4] In 2005 the remains of Platychelyid sea turtle Notoemys zapatocaensis were described,[5] and in 2023 the limbs and shell elements of protostegids were described as some of the largest Early Cretaceous turtles.[6]
Outcrops
![Rosablanca Formation is located in Santander Department](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Santander_Topographic_2.png/250px-Santander_Topographic_2.png)
![Rosablanca Formation](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png)
The Rosablanca Formation is found, apart from its type locality on the Mesa de Los Santos, Santander, in Boyacá and the Middle Magdalena Basin.
Regional correlations
Age | Paleomap | VMM | Guaduas-Vélez | W Emerald Belt | Villeta anticlinal | Chiquinquirá- Arcabuco | Tunja- Duitama | Altiplano Cundiboyacense | El Cocuy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maastrichtian | ![]() | Umir | Córdoba | Seca | eroded | Guaduas | Colón-Mito Juan | ||||||
Umir | Guadalupe | ||||||||||||
Campanian | Córdoba | ||||||||||||
Oliní | |||||||||||||
Santonian | La Luna | Cimarrona - La Tabla | La Luna | ||||||||||
Coniacian | Oliní | Villeta | Conejo | Chipaque | |||||||||
Güagüaquí | Loma Gorda | undefined | La Frontera | ||||||||||
Turonian | ![]() | Hondita | La Frontera | Otanche | |||||||||
Cenomanian | Simití | hiatus | La Corona | Simijaca | Capacho | ||||||||
Pacho Fm. | Hiló - Pacho | Churuvita | Une | Aguardiente | |||||||||
Albian | ![]() | Hiló | Chiquinquirá | Tibasosa | Une | ||||||||
Tablazo | Tablazo | Capotes - La Palma - Simití | Simití | Tibú-Mercedes | |||||||||
Aptian | Capotes | Socotá - El Peñón | Paja | Fómeque | |||||||||
Paja | Paja | El Peñón | Trincheras | Río Negro | |||||||||
La Naveta | |||||||||||||
Barremian | ![]() | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | Muzo | Cáqueza | Las Juntas | ||||||||||
Rosablanca | Ritoque | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | Ritoque | Furatena | Útica - Murca | Rosablanca | hiatus | Macanal | |||||||
Rosablanca | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | ![]() | Cumbre | Cumbre | Los Medios | Guavio | ||||||||
Tambor | Arcabuco | Cumbre | |||||||||||
Sources |
Ma | Age | Paleomap | Regional events | Catatumbo | Cordillera | proximal Llanos | distal Llanos | Putumayo | VSM | Environments | Maximum thickness | Petroleum geology | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.01 | Holocene | ![]() | Holocene volcanism Seismic activity | alluvium | Overburden | ||||||||
1 | Pleistocene | ![]() | Pleistocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 Glaciations | Guayabo | Soatá Sabana | Necesidad | Guayabo | Gigante Neiva | Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo) | 550 m (1,800 ft) (Guayabo) | [7][8][9][10] | ||
2.6 | Pliocene | ![]() | Pliocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 GABI | Subachoque | |||||||||
5.3 | Messinian | Andean orogeny 3 Foreland | Marichuela | Caimán | Honda | [9][11] | |||||||
13.5 | Langhian | Regional flooding | León | hiatus | Caja | León | Lacustrine (León) | 400 m (1,300 ft) (León) | Seal | [10][12] | |||
16.2 | Burdigalian | Miocene inundations Andean orogeny 2 | C1 | Carbonera C1 | Ospina | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1) | 850 m (2,790 ft) (Carbonera) | Reservoir | [11][10] | ||||
17.3 | C2 | Carbonera C2 | Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2) | Seal | |||||||||
19 | C3 | Carbonera C3 | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3) | Reservoir | |||||||||
21 | Early Miocene | Pebas wetlands | C4 | Carbonera C4 | Barzalosa | Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4) | Seal | ||||||
23 | Late Oligocene | ![]() | Andean orogeny 1 Foredeep | C5 | Carbonera C5 | Orito | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5) | Reservoir | [8][11] | ||||
25 | C6 | Carbonera C6 | Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6) | Seal | |||||||||
28 | Early Oligocene | C7 | C7 | Pepino | Gualanday | Proximal deltaic-marine (C7) | Reservoir | [8][11][13] | |||||
32 | Oligo-Eocene | C8 | Usme | C8 | onlap | Marine-deltaic (C8) | Seal Source | [13] | |||||
35 | Late Eocene | ![]() | Mirador | Mirador | Coastal (Mirador) | 240 m (790 ft) (Mirador) | Reservoir | [10][14] | |||||
40 | Middle Eocene | Regadera | hiatus | ||||||||||
45 | |||||||||||||
50 | Early Eocene | ![]() | Socha | Los Cuervos | Deltaic (Los Cuervos) | 260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos) | Seal Source | [10][14] | |||||
55 | Late Paleocene | PETM 2000 ppm CO2 | Los Cuervos | Bogotá | Gualanday | ||||||||
60 | Early Paleocene | SALMA | Barco | Guaduas | Barco | Rumiyaco | Fluvial (Barco) | 225 m (738 ft) (Barco) | Reservoir | [7][8][11][10][15] | |||
65 | Maastrichtian | ![]() | KT extinction | Catatumbo | Guadalupe | Monserrate | Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe) | 750 m (2,460 ft) (Guadalupe) | Reservoir | [7][10] | |||
72 | Campanian | End of rifting | Colón-Mito Juan | [10][16] | |||||||||
83 | Santonian | Villeta/Güagüaquí | |||||||||||
86 | Coniacian | ||||||||||||
89 | Turonian | Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event | La Luna | Chipaque | Gachetá | hiatus | Restricted marine (all) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá) | Source | [7][10][17] | |||
93 | Cenomanian | ![]() | Rift 2 | ||||||||||
100 | Albian | Une | Une | Caballos | Deltaic (Une) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Une) | Reservoir | [11][17] | |||||
113 | Aptian | ![]() | Capacho | Fómeque | Motema | Yaví | Open marine (Fómeque) | 800 m (2,600 ft) (Fómeque) | Source (Fóm) | [8][10][18] | |||
125 | Barremian | High biodiversity | Aguardiente | Paja | Shallow to open marine (Paja) | 940 m (3,080 ft) (Paja) | Reservoir | [7] | |||||
129 | Hauterivian | ![]() | Rift 1 | Tibú- Mercedes | Las Juntas | hiatus | Deltaic (Las Juntas) | 910 m (2,990 ft) (Las Juntas) | Reservoir (LJun) | [7] | |||
133 | Valanginian | Río Negro | Cáqueza Macanal Rosablanca | Restricted marine (Macanal) | 2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal) | Source (Mac) | [8][19] | ||||||
140 | Berriasian | Girón | |||||||||||
145 | Tithonian | Break-up of Pangea | Jordán | Arcabuco | Buenavista Batá | Saldaña | Alluvial, fluvial (Buenavista) | 110 m (360 ft) (Buenavista) | "Jurassic" | [11][20] | |||
150 | Early-Mid Jurassic | ![]() | Passive margin 2 | La Quinta | Montebel Noreán | hiatus | Coastal tuff (La Quinta) | 100 m (330 ft) (La Quinta) | [21] | ||||
201 | Late Triassic | ![]() | Mucuchachi | Payandé | [11] | ||||||||
235 | Early Triassic | ![]() | Pangea | hiatus | "Paleozoic" | ||||||||
250 | Permian | ![]() | |||||||||||
300 | Late Carboniferous | ![]() | Famatinian orogeny | Cerro Neiva () | [22] | ||||||||
340 | Early Carboniferous | Fossil fish Romer's gap | Cuche (355-385) | Farallones () | Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche) | 900 m (3,000 ft) (Cuche) | |||||||
360 | Late Devonian | ![]() | Passive margin 1 | Río Cachirí (360-419) | Ambicá () | Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones) | 2,400 m (7,900 ft) (Farallones) | [19][23][24][25][26] | |||||
390 | Early Devonian | ![]() | High biodiversity | Floresta (387-400) El Tíbet | Shallow marine (Floresta) | 600 m (2,000 ft) (Floresta) | |||||||
410 | Late Silurian | Silurian mystery | |||||||||||
425 | Early Silurian | hiatus | |||||||||||
440 | Late Ordovician | ![]() | Rich fauna in Bolivia | San Pedro (450-490) | Duda () | ||||||||
470 | Early Ordovician | First fossils | Busbanzá (>470±22) Chuscales Otengá | Guape () | Río Nevado () | Hígado () | [27][28][29] | ||||||
488 | Late Cambrian | ![]() | Regional intrusions | Chicamocha (490-515) | Quetame () | Ariarí () | SJ del Guaviare (490-590) | San Isidro () | [30][31] | ||||
515 | Early Cambrian | Cambrian explosion | [29][32] | ||||||||||
542 | Ediacaran | ![]() | Break-up of Rodinia | pre-Quetame | post-Parguaza | El Barro () | Yellow: allochthonous basement (Chibcha Terrane) Green: autochthonous basement (Río Negro-Juruena Province) | Basement | [33][34] | ||||
600 | Neoproterozoic | Cariri Velhos orogeny | Bucaramanga (600-1400) | pre-Guaviare | [30] | ||||||||
800 | ![]() | Snowball Earth | [35] | ||||||||||
1000 | Mesoproterozoic | ![]() | Sunsás orogeny | Ariarí (1000) | La Urraca (1030-1100) | [36][37][38][39] | |||||||
1300 | Rondônia-Juruá orogeny | pre-Ariarí | Parguaza (1300-1400) | Garzón (1180-1550) | [40] | ||||||||
1400 | ![]() | pre-Bucaramanga | [41] | ||||||||||
1600 | Paleoproterozoic | Maimachi (1500-1700) | pre-Garzón | [42] | |||||||||
1800 | ![]() | Tapajós orogeny | Mitú (1800) | [40][42] | |||||||||
1950 | Transamazonic orogeny | pre-Mitú | [40] | ||||||||||
2200 | Columbia | ||||||||||||
2530 | Archean | ![]() | Carajas-Imataca orogeny | [40] | |||||||||
3100 | Kenorland | ||||||||||||
Sources |
- Legend
- group
- important formation
- fossiliferous formation
- minor formation
- (age in Ma)
- proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
- distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]
See also
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ^ a b c Galvis & Valencia, 2009, p.17
- ^ Gómez et al., 2015
- ^ Rojas & Sandy, 2019
- ^ Cadena, Edwin-Alberto; Unwin, David M.; Martill, David M. (2020-10-01). "Lower Cretaceous pterosaurs from Colombia". Cretaceous Research. 114: 104526. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11404526C. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104526. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 224886977.
- ^ E. A. Cadena Rueda, E. S. Gaffney (2005). "Notoemys zapatocaensis, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pleurodira: Platychelyidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia". American Museum Novitates (3470): 1–19. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2005)470<0001:NZANST>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Cadena, Edwin-Alberto; Combita-Romero, Diego A (2023-07-12). "The onset of large size in Cretaceous marine turtles (Protostegidae) evidenced by new fossil remains from the Valanginian of Colombia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad053. ISSN 0024-4082.
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.27
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.50
- ^ a b García González et al., 2009, p.85
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
- ^ a b c d e f g h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
- ^ a b Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
- ^ a b Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
- ^ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
- ^ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
- ^ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
- ^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
- ^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
- ^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
- ^ a b Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
- ^ a b Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
- ^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
- ^ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
- ^ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
- ^ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
- ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
- ^ a b c d Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
- ^ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
- ^ a b Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
- ^ a b Duarte et al., 2019
- ^ García González et al., 2009
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
- ^ García González et al., 2009, p.60
Bibliography
- Galvis Arenas, Beatriz Elena; Valencia Escobar, José Leonardo (2009), Contribución en la determinación de los posibles paleoambientes de las rocas Cretáceas Tempranas sobre la vía Tunja-Villa de Leyva (entre Alto del Arrayán - Peaje Sáchica) y sectores aledaños, departamento de Boyacá, Universidad de Caldas, pp. 1–127
- Gómez Cruz, Arley de Jesús; Bermúdez, Hermann D.; Vega, Francisco J. (2015), "A new species of Diaulax Bell, 1863 (Brachyura: Dialucidae) in the Early Cretaceous of the Rosablanca Formation, Colombia", Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 67: 103–112, doi:10.18268/BSGM2015v67n1a8, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Rojas, Alexis; Sandy, Michael R. (2019), "Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) brachiopods from the Rosablanca Formation, Colombia, South America: Biostratigraphic significance and paleogeographic implications", Cretaceous Research, 96: 184–195, Bibcode:2019CrRes..96..184R, doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.12.011, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Villamil, Tomas (2012), Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), pp. 161–216
Maps
- Bernal Vargas, Luis Enrique; Mantilla Figueroa, Luis Carlos (2006), Plancha 85 - Simití - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Bernal Vargas, Luis Enrique; Mantilla Figueroa, Luis Carlos (2006), Plancha 96 - Bocas del Rosario - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Vargas, Rodrigo; Arias, Alfonso (2009), Plancha 97 - Cáchira - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Beltrán, Alejandro; Quintero, Claudia I. (2008), Plancha 119 - Barrancabermeja - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Ward, Dwight E.; Goldsmith, Richard; Jimeno, Andrés; Cruz, Jaime; Restrepo, Hernán; Gómez, Eduardo (2010), Plancha 120 - Bucaramanga - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Beltrán, Alejandro; Lancheros, José Alfredo; López, Carolina; Chaquea, Claudia; Patiño, Alejandro; Guerra, Angela; Cabrera, Julio C.; Quintero, Claudia I.; Molano, Simón Emilio (2008), Plancha 134 - Puerto Parra - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Angarita, Leonidas; Carrillo, Víctor; Castro, Alfonso; Daconte, Rommel; Niño, Mario; Pulido, Orlando G.; Rodríguez, J. Antonio; Royero, José María; Salinas, Carlos Ulloa and Rodrigo Vargas, Rosalba (2009), Plancha 135 - San Gil - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Beltrán, Alejandro; Lancheros, José Alfredo; López, Carolina; Chaquea, Claudia; Patiño, Alejandro; Guerra, Angela; Cabrera, Julio C.; Quintero, Claudia I.; Molano, Simón Emilio (2008), Plancha 150 - Cimitarra - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Pulido González, Orlando (2009), Plancha 151 - Charalá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Ulloa, Carlos E; Rodríguez, Erasmo (2009), Plancha 170 - Vélez - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Renzoni, Giancarlo; Rosas, Humberto (2009), Plancha 171 - Duitama - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Fuquen M., Jaime A; Osorno M, José F. (2009), Plancha 190 - Chiquinquirá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Renzoni, Giancarlo; Rosas, Humberto; Etayo Serna, Fernando (1998), Plancha 191 - Tunja - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
External links
- Gómez, J.; Montes, N.E.; Nivia, Á.; Diederix, H. (2015), Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, p. 1, retrieved 2017-03-16
- v
- t
- e
- Guavio Fm.
- Las Juntas Fm.
- Macanal Fm.
- Rosablanca Fm.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Beryl-197448.jpg/100px-Beryl-197448.jpg)
Pre-Columbian | |
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Conquest |
Western Belt | |
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Eastern Belt |
- Crown of the Andes (1521)
- Duke of Devonshire (1384)
- Gachalá (858)
- Hooker Emerald (75.47)
- Mogul Mughal (62)
- Chalk (38)
- Atocha Star (25)
- La Lechuga (unknown)
Category
- Images