Spider Martin
James "Spider" Martin | |
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Born | (1939-04-01)April 1, 1939 Fairfield, Alabama, U.S. |
Died | April 8, 2003(2003-04-08) (aged 64) Blount Springs, Alabama, U.S. |
Nationality | American |
Occupation | Photographer |
Known for | Two Minute Warning |
James "Spider" Martin (April 1, 1939 – April 8, 2003) was an American photographer known for his work documenting the American Civil Rights Movement in 1965, specifically Bloody Sunday and other incidents from the Selma to Montgomery marches.[1][2]
Life
Martin was born in Fairfield, Alabama. He was slightly built at 5 feet 2 inches (1.57 m) tall and 125 pounds (57 kg), and though he would climb trees and church towers to get a different angle for his photographs,[2] his nickname "Spider" dates back to his school days at Hueytown High, where a reporter described him as moving "like a spider" during one of his touchdown runs on the football field.[3]
Whilst working as a photographer for The Birmingham News[4] he was assigned to cover the death of Jimmie Lee Jackson in February 1965;[3] one month later, he created a notable photograph of the civil rights era, entitled Two Minute Warning, during the 1965 Selma Voting Rights Movement.[5] His photograph showed Alabama state troopers about to attack the first peaceful Selma to Montgomery march with batons and tear gas just after it had crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge from Selma into Dallas County on 7 March 1965.[6] Hosea Williams and John Lewis were leading the planned 54-mile (87 km) march to the Alabama State Capitol in protest at unfair treatment of African Americans and discriminatory voting rights practices.[2] The incident, known as Bloody Sunday, the media coverage of it and the national outcry that ensued, were influential in the course of civil rights in the U.S. Speaking about the effect of photography on the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr. said, "Spider, we could have marched, we could have protested forever, but if it weren't for guys like you, it would have been for nothing. The whole world saw your pictures. That's why the Voting Rights Act was passed."[3][7]
Martin would join the third march, covering it from start to finish, at the Alabama State Capitol building.[1][2] During the march, Martin took a photograph of an exhausted minister from Maine on the verge of quitting the march. Martin told him "I weigh 125 pounds, my camera bag is 50 pounds, and I [am] walking backwards and shooting pictures" and helped the minister back to his feet.[8][9] After the Selma to Montgomery marches, Martin covered the trial of the murderer of Viola Liuzzo and George Wallace's 1968 presidential campaign, reportedly telling the candidate "I won't vote for you, but I'll take your money."[2]
His photographs were published in Life, Saturday Evening Post, Time, Der Spiegel, Stern, Paris Match,[citation needed] Birmingham Weekly[10] and The Birmingham News.[2]
He was represented for several years by Black Star, from 1965.[11]
The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin acquired Martin's archive of negatives, correspondence, memos, clippings, and other material in 2015 for $250,000.[2][5][12]
He died by suicide on April 8, 2003[5][13] in Blount Springs, Alabama.[12]
Publication
- Martin, Spider; Brinkley, Douglas (introduction); Carleton, Don (foreword) (2015). Selma 1965: The Photographs of Spider Martin. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-4773-0839-4. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
Exhibitions
- Rotunda, Cannon House Office Building, Washington, D.C.[12]
- Agnes, Birmingham, AL.[citation needed]
- The Power of His Camera: Spider Martin and the Civil Rights Movement (Austin, Texas; 8 Apr–19 Dec 2014)[14]
- Spider Martin Retrospective: Exploring the Role of Photojournalism in Influencing History, Carneal Building, Selma, AL, 2015.[2][15]
- Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library and Museum, Austin, TX, 2015.[2][16]
- Selma March 1965, Steven Kasher Gallery, New York, 2015. Photographs by Martin, Charles Moore and James Barker.[17]
- "The World Saw Your Pictures": Spider Martin and the Voting Rights Campaign, Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, AL, 2015.[3]
- Selma to Montgomery: Spider Martin’s Historic Photographs, Archaeology Museum, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 2015.[18]
- Selma to Montgomery: March for the Right to Vote, Atlanta; and traveled to New Orleans; Montgomery; Washington, D.C.; and Levine Museum of the New South, Charlotte, NC, 2015. Curated by the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute.[19][20]
Collections
Martin's photographs are held in the following permanent collections:
- Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, Birmingham, AL[21]
- National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington, D.C.[22]
- Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, Austin, TX[2][5][12]
See also
References
- ^ a b Yeager, Andrew (6 March 2015). "Photographer Helped Expose Brutality Of Selma's 'Bloody Sunday'". NPR. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Schuessler, Jennifer (15 February 2015). "Spider Martin's Photographs of the Selma March Get a Broader View". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d Roney, Marty (1 March 2015). "'Spider' Martin's work helped to shape American history". Montgomery Advertiser. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ Abbott, Valerie A. (2003-05-06). "Resolution # 684-03" (PDF). Regular Meeting of the Council of the City of Birmingham. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-07.
- ^ a b c d Pearce, Matt (8 March 2015). "Selma photographer captured history on 'Bloody Sunday'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ ""Two Minute Warning," photograph by Spider Martin, March 7, 1965". The National Archives. 7 March 1965. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Selma to Montgomery: A March for the Right to Vote". The Spider Martin Civil Rights Collection. Archived from the original on 2005-03-07. Retrieved 2006-01-04.
- ^ Benn, Alvin (4 March 2015). "Photojournalist Spider Martin's images still pack a punch". Montgomery Advertiser. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ Martin, Spider (March 1965). "Selma March, 1965". Spider Martin. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Moving pictures - The work of Spider Martin". Birmingham Weekly. Archived from the original on 4 September 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Spider". Spider Martin. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
- ^ a b c d "A Guide to the James "Spider" Martin Photographic Archive, Circa 1948-2014". Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin. 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ Wilson, Glynn (February 26, 2006). "Birmingham News Glosses over Its Racist Past". The Locust Fork News-Journal. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Briscoe Center Opens Exhibit of Spider Martin's Iconic Civil Rights Photographs April 8, 2014-December 19, 2014" (Press release). Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin. 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Spider Martin Retrospective". ArtsRevive. 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "March to Freedom Exhibit To Open in February" (Press release). Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ Harris, Sophie (4 March 2015). "See powerful photos of the 1965 Selma March". TimeOut: New York. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Selma to Montgomery: Spider Martin's Historic Photographs, August 26 - December 11, 2015" (Press release). Archaeology Museum at the University of South Alabama. 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Selma to Montgomery: The March for the Right to Vote". Levine Museum of the New South. 2014. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ Balcerek, Katherine (9 October 2014). "Selma to Montgomery as captured by Spider Martin". Knight Foundation [blog]. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Traveling Exhibitions: Selma to Montgomery". Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. 2015. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Double Exposure: National Museum Of African American History And Culture Presents New Book Series Based On Photography Collection" (Press release). National Museum Of African American History And Culture, Smithsonian Institution. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
External links
- Official website
- Ed Mullins, "Spider Martin", University of Alabama.
- "Civil Rights Photographer Spider Martin: His Life and Legacy", WBHM Public Radio-Voices of the Civil Rights Movement
- v
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(timeline)
groups
- Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
- Atlanta Negro Voters League
- Atlanta Student Movement
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- Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
- Committee for Freedom Now
- Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
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- Council of Federated Organizations
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- Hosea Williams
- Kale Williams
- Robert F. Williams
- Q. V. Williamson
- Andrew Young
- Whitney Young
- Sammy Younge Jr.
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- James Zwerg
songs
- "Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
- "If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
- "Kumbaya"
- "Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
- "Oh, Freedom"
- "This Little Light of Mine"
- "We Shall Not Be Moved"
- "We Shall Overcome"
- "Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
- Jim Crow laws
- Lynching in the United States
- Plessy v. Ferguson
- Buchanan v. Warley
- Hocutt v. Wilson
- Sweatt v. Painter
- Hernandez v. Texas
- Loving v. Virginia
- African-American women in the movement
- Jews in the civil rights movement
- Fifth Circuit Four
- 16th Street Baptist Church
- Kelly Ingram Park
- A.G. Gaston Motel
- Bethel Baptist Church
- Brown Chapel
- Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
- Holt Street Baptist Church
- Edmund Pettus Bridge
- March on Washington Movement
- African-American churches attacked
- List of lynching victims in the United States
- Freedom Schools
- Freedom songs
- Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
- "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence"
- Voter Education Project
- 1960s counterculture
- African American founding fathers of the United States
- Eyes on the Prize
- In popular culture
- Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
- Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
- Civil Rights Memorial
- Civil Rights Movement Archive
- Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
- Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
- Freedom Rides Museum
- Freedom Riders National Monument
- King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
- Martin Luther King Jr. Day
- Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
- Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
- National Civil Rights Museum
- National Voting Rights Museum
- St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
historians
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