Vespasianus Titus Tunnel
The Vespasianus Titus Tunnel is an ancient water tunnel built for the city of Seleucia Pieria, the port of Antioch (modern Antakya), in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.[1]
It is located at the foot of the Nur Mountains, near the modern village of Çevlik, 7 km (4.3 mi) northwest of central Samandağ (the medieval port of Saint Symeon) and 35 km (22 mi) southwest of Antakya.[1]
The tunnel is part of a water diversion system consisting of a dam, a short approach channel, the first tunnel section, a short intermediary channel, the second tunnel section and a long discharge channel.[1]
The construction of the tunnel was ordered by the Roman emperor Vespasian (reigned 69–79 AD) to divert the floodwaters running down the mountain and threatening the harbor. It was built by digging the rocks using manpower only. The construction began under Vespasian and continued under his son Titus (r. 79–81 AD) and his successors. It was completed in the 2nd century under Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161). An inscription carved in rock at the entrance of the first tunnel section shows the names of Vespasianus and Titus, and another one at the discharge tunnel the name of Antoninus.[1]
World Heritage Site status
The tunnel was added to the tentative list in the cultural category of UNESCO World Heritage Site on 15 April 2014.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d "Vespasianus Titus Tunnel". UNESCO. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- ^ "Tentative Lists – State Party: Turkey". UNESCO. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- v
- t
- e
Region
- Aizanoi Antique City
- The Ancient City of Sardis and the Lydian Tumuli of Bin Tepe
- Ancient City of Stratonikeia
- Archaeological Site of Assos
- Archaeological site of Laodikeia
- Archaeological Site of Priene
- Ayvalık Industrial Landscape
- The Bodrum Castle
- Historic Town of Birgi
- The Historical Port City of Izmir
- Mausoleum and Sacred area of Hecatomnus
- Medieval City of Beçin
Region
- Early Period of Anatolian Turkish Heritage: Niksar, The Capital of Danishmend Dynasty
- Historic Guild Town of Mudurnu
- Kızılırmak Delta Wetland and Bird Sanctuary
- Mahmut Bey Mosque
- Mount Harşena and the Rock-tombs of the Pontic Kings
- Nature Park of Ballıca Cave
- Sümela Monastery (The Monastery of Virgin Mary)
Region
- Archaeological Site of Kültepe-Kanesh
- Basilica Therma (Sarıkaya Roma Hamamı)
- Haci Bayram Mosque and its Surrounding Area (the Haci Bayram District)
- Haci Bektas Veli Complex
- Historic Town of Beypazarı
- Historical Monuments of Niğde
- Ivriz Cultural Landscape
- Konya-A capital of Seljuk Civilization
- Koramaz Valley
- Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA)
- Odunpazari Historical Urban Site
- Sivrihisar Grand Mosque
- Tomb of Ahi Evran
Region
Region
- The Bridge of Justinian
- The Bridge of Uzunköprü
- Çanakkale (Dardanelles) and Gelibolu (Gallipoli) Battles Zones in the First World War
- İznik
- Nuruosmaniye Complex
- Sultan Bayezid II Complex: A Center of Medical Treatment
- Yıldız Palace Complex
Region
- Alahan Monastery
- Alanya
- Ancient Cities of Lycian Civilization
- Ancient City of Anazarbos
- Ancient City of Kaunos
- Ancient city of Kibyra
- Ancient City of Korykos
- Archaeological Site of Perge
- Archaeological Site of Sagalassos
- Eflatun Pinar: The Hittite Spring Sanctuary
- Eşrefoğlu Mosque
- Güllük Dagi National Park and Termessos
- Hatay, St. Pierre Church
- Karain Cave
- Karatepe-Aslantaş Archaeological Site
- Kekova
- Mamure Castle
- St. Nicholas Church
- St.Paul Church, Saint Paul's Well and surrounding historic quarters
- The Theatre and Aqueducts of the Ancient City of Aspendos
- Vespasianus Titus Tunnel
- Yesemek Quarry and Sculpture Workshop
- Yivli Minaret Mosque
Region
- Archeological Site of Zeugma
- Harran and Şanlıurfa
- Ismail Fakirullah Tomb and its Light Refraction Mechanism
- Late Antique and Medieval Churches and Monasteries of Midyat and Surrounding Area (Tur Abdin)
- The Malabadi Bridge
- Mardin Cultural Landscape
- The Underground Water Structures in Gaziantep; Livas' and Kastels
- Zerzevan Castle and Mithraeum
- Zeynel Abidin Mosque Complex and Mor Yakup (Saint Jacob) Church
- Anatolian Seljuks Madrasahs
- Buruciye Medrese
- Cacabey Medrese
- Çifte Medrese
- Çifte Minareli Medrese (Erzurum)
- Çifte Minareli Medrese (Sivas)
- Gök Medrese
- Ince Minaret Medrese
- Karatay Medrese
- Sahabiye Madrasa
- Yakutiye Medrese
- Mountainous Phrygia
- Seljuk Caravanserais on the route from Denizli to Dogubeyazit
- Trading Posts and Fortifications on Genoese Trade Routes from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea
Turkey portal
Category
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)