Eugen Fischer
Eugen Fischer | |
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![]() Eugen Fischer dengan foto-foto wanita pribumi Afrika, sekitar 1938. | |
Lahir | (1874-07-05)5 Juli 1874 Karlsruhe, Keadipatian Agung Baden |
Meninggal | 9 Juli 1967(1967-07-09) (umur 93) Freiburg im Breisgau, Jerman Barat |
Kebangsaan | Jerman |
Pekerjaan | Profesor |
Dikenal atas | Eugenik Nazi |
Partai politik | Partai Nazi |
Penghargaan
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Eugen Fischer (5 Juli 1874 – 9 Juli 1967) adalah seorang profesor Jerman dalam bidang pengobatan, antropologi dan eugenik. Ia adalah direktur dari Institut Antropologi, Warisan Manusia, dan Eugenik Kaiser Wilhelm antara 1927 dan 1942. Ia dilantik menjadi rektor Universitas Frederick William Berlin oleh Adolf Hitler pada 1933, dan kemudian bergabung dengan Partai Nazi.
Biografi
Fischer lahir di Karlsruhe, Keadipatian Agung Baden, pada 1874. Mempelajari pengobatan, folkloristik dan sejarah dari 1893–1898 di Berlin, Freiburg dan Munich. Dijadikan Dr. pengobatan pada 1898 dan pada 1900 habilisasi untuk anatomi dan antropologi di Universitas Freiburg.[1] Ia menjadi Direktur Institut Anatomi di Freiburg pada 1918,[2] bagian dari Universitas Freiburg.[3]
Pada 1927, Fischer menjadi direktur dari Institut Antropologi, Warisan Manusia, dan Eugenik Kaiser Wilhelm (KWI-A), sebuah jabatan untuknya yang direkomendasikan pada tahun sebelumnya oleh Erwin Baur.[4]
Pada 1933, Adolf Hitler melantiknya menjadi rektor Universitas Frederick William Berlin, sekarang Universitas Humboldt.[5] Fischer pensiun dari universitas tersebut pada 1942.
Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer adalah seorang murid dari Fischer, Verschuer sendiri memiliki seorang murid berpengaruh, Josef Mengele.[6][7]
Setelah perang, ia menyelesaikan memoirnya, yang mengkritik klaim peran pembersihan putih-nya dalam program genosida Reich Ketiga. Ia meninggal pada 1967.
Karya
Sampai 1909
- Fischer, Eugen. 1899. "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Nasenhöhle und des Thränennasenganges der Amphisbaeniden", Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie. 55:1, pp. 441–478.
- Fischer, Eugen. 1901. "Zur Kenntniss der Fontanella metopica und ihrer Bildungen". Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie.4:1. pp. 17–30.
- Fischer, Eugen, Professor an der Universität Freiburg i. Br. 1906. "Die Variationen an Radius und Ulna des Menschen". Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie. Vol. 9. No. 2.
- Fischer, Eugen. 1908. Der Patriziat Heinrichs III und Heinrichs IV. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). Fischer's PhD thesis.
1910 sampai 1919
- Maass, Alfred. Durch Zentral-Sumatra. Berlin: Behr. 1910. Additional contributing authors: J.P. Kleiweg de Zwaan and E. Fischer.
- Fischer, Eugen. 1913.Die Rehobother Bastards und das Bastardierungsproblem beim Menschen: anthropologische und ethnographiesche Studien am Rehobother Bastardvolk in Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika, ausgeführt mit Unterstützung der Kgl. preuss, Akademie der Wissenschaften. Jena: G. Fischer.
- Gaupp, Ernst Wilhelm Theodor. Eugen Fischer (ed.) 1917. August Weismann: sein Leben und sein Werk. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer.
1920 sampai 1929
- Schwalbe, G. and Eugen Fischer (eds.). Anthropologie. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, 1923.
- Fischer, E. and H.F.K. Günther. Deutsche Köpfe nordischer Rasse: 50 Abbildungen mit Geleitwarten. Munich: J.F. Lehmann. 1927.
1940 sampai 1949
- Fischer, Eugen and Gerhard Kittel. Das antike Weltjudentum: Tatsachen, Texte, Bilder. Hamburg: Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, 1943.[8]
1950 sampai 1959
- Sarkar, Sasanka Sekher; Eugen Fischer and Keith Arthur, The Aboriginal Races of India, Calcutta: Bookland. 1954.
- Fischer, Eugen. Begegnungen mit Toten: aus den Erinnerungen eines Anatomen. Freiburg: H.F. Schulz. 1959.
Catatan
- ^ Max-Planck-Gesellschaft - Archive. "Fischer, Eugen". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-08-19. Diakses tanggal 2015-05-01.
- ^ "Eugen Fischer".
- ^ Eugen Fischer (1921). "Bitte des anatomischen Instituts Freiburg i.B."
- ^ Schmul 2003, p. 25.
- ^ Historische Komission München
- ^ Michael H. Kater (2011). "The Nazi Symbiosis: Human Genetics and Politics in the Third Reich". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 85: 515–516. doi:10.1353/bhm.2011.0067.
- ^ Randall Hansen, Desmond King (2013). Sterilized by the State: Eugenics, Race, and the Population Scare in Twentieth-Century. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 158. ISBN 1107434599.
- ^ Das Antike Weltjudentum - Forschungen zur Judenfrage. 1944.
Referensi
- Baumel, Judith Tydor (2001). The Holocaust Encyclopedia. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08432-3.
- Black, Edwin (2004). War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race. Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 1-56858-321-4.
- Fangerau H., Müller I. (2002). "Das Standardwerk der Rassenhygiene von Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer und Fritz Lenz im Urteil der Psychiatrie und Neurologie 1921-1940". Der Nervenarzt. 73 (11): 1039–1046. doi:10.1007/s00115-002-1421-1. PMID 12430045.
- Mendes-Flohr, Paul R. (1995). The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-507453-X.
- Schmuhl, Hans-Walter. "The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human heredity and Eugenics, 1927-1945", Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science vol. 259, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen, 2003
- Weindling P. (1985). "Weimar eugenics: The kaiser wilhelm institute for anthropology, human heredity and eugenics in social context". Annals of Science. 42 (3): 303–318. doi:10.1080/00033798500200221. PMID 11620696.
- Friedlander, Henry. 1997. The origins of Nazi genocide: from euthanasia to the Final Solution. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2208-6 ISBN 0-8078-4675-9.
Pranala luar
- Book Review of The Rehoboth Bastards in Nature (1913)
- 2004 Newspaper Article regarding The Rehoboth Bastards Diarsipkan 2008-11-20 di Wayback Machine.
- The Rehoboth Bastards (Photo Album) Diarsipkan 2014-03-04 di Wayback Machine.
- Herero and Namaqua Genocide - Galerie Ezakwantu Diarsipkan 2011-12-09 di Wayback Machine.
- Lusane, Clarence (2002-12-13). "Hitler's black victims: The historical experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi era". ISBN 978-0-415-93295-0.
- Detailed overview of Eugen Fischer with references
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