Fulbert Youlou
15 Agustus 1960 – 15 Agustus 1963
![Sebelum](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/5px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png)
Pendahulu
Tidak ada
Tidak ada
Pengganti
Alphonse Massemba-Débat
Alphonse Massemba-Débat
![Sebelum](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/5px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png)
8 Desember 1958 – 21 November 1959
![Sebelum](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/5px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png)
Pendahulu
Jacques Opangault
Jacques Opangault
Pengganti
Pasca pelengseran, 1959–1963; Alphonse Massemba-Débat
Pasca pelengseran, 1959–1963; Alphonse Massemba-Débat
Madibou, Moyen-Congo
Madrid, Spanyol
![Sunting kotak info](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)
![Bantuan penggunaan templat ini](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png)
Abbé Fulbert Youlou (9 Juni,[1] 17 Juni[2] atai 9 Juli 1917[3] – 6 Mei 1972) adalah seorang politikus, pemimpin nasionalis dan pendeta Katolik Roma Brazzaville-Kongo yang dilaisasikan, yang menjadi Presiden Congo-Brazzaville pertama pada masa kemerdekaannya.
Abbé Fulbert Youlou adalah salah satu tokoh paling kontroversial di Congo-Brazzaville, selama berdekade-dekade ia menjadi subyek anathema di negaranya.
Referensi
- ^ a b In African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations, author Ronald Matthews lists Youlou's date of birth as 9 June 1917. This date is also listed in Annuaire parlementaire des États d'Afrique noire, Députés et conseillers économiques des républiques d'expression française (1962). Matthews (1966), hlm. 169; Annuaire parlementaire des États d'Afrique noire: Députés et conseillers économiques des républiques d'expression française, Paris: Annuaire Afrique, 1962, OCLC 11833110
- ^ a b In Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African-American Experience, Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and K. Anthony Appiah list Youlou's date of birth as 17 June 1917. Appiah & Gates (1999), hlm. 2036
- ^ a b The Encyclopedia of World Biography by Gale Research Company lists Youlou's date of birth as 19 July 1917. Gale Research Company (1999), hlm. 466
Daftar pustaka
- Amin, Samir; Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine (1969). Histoire économique du Congo 1881–1968. Éditions Anthropos. ASIN B000WID61A.
- Boutet, Rémy (1990). Les trois glorieuses ou la chute de Fulbert Youlou. Collection Afrique contemporaine. Éditions Chaka. ISBN 2907768050.
- Bernault, Florence (1996). Démocraties ambiguës en Afrique centrale: Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, 1940-1965 (dalam bahasa Prancis). Paris: Karthala. ISBN 2-86537-636-2. OCLC 36142247.
- Bazenguissa-Ganga, Rémy (1997). Les voies du politique au Congo : essai de sociologie historique. Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-739-8.
- Clark, John F. (1997). "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate". Dalam Clark, John F.; Gardinier, David E. Political Reform in Francophone Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-2785-7. OCLC 35318507.
- Daggs, Elisa (1970). All Africa: All Its Political Entities of Independent Or Other Status. New York: Hastings House. ISBN 0-8038-0336-2. OCLC 82503.
- Decraene, Philippe (1973). "Congo-Brazzaville". Éncyclopédie Universalis. 4. hlm. 891–892.
- Gale Research Company (1999). Encyclopedia of World Biography. 16. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Company. ISBN 0-7876-2221-4. OCLC 37813530.
- Italiaander, Rolf (1961). The New Leaders of Africa. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. OCLC 565528.
- Kouvibidila, Gaston-Jonas (2001). La marche à rebours 1940-1991. Histoire du multipartisme au Congo-Brazzaville. 1. Éditions L'Harmattan.
- Lentz, Harris M. (1994). Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-89950-926-6. OCLC 30075961.
- Matthews, Ronald (1966). African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations. London: The Bodley Head. OCLC 246401461.
- Mbandza, Joseph (2004). Pauvreté et modèles de croissance en Afrique subsaharienne: le cas du Congo-Brazzaville (1945–2000). Éditions Publibook.
- Mengisteab, Kidane; Daddieh, Cyril, ed. (1999). State Building and Democratization in Africa. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-275-96353-5. OCLC 39013781.
- Terray, Emmanuel (1964). "Les révolutions congolaise et dahoméenne de 1963". Revue française de science politique. 14 (5): 918–925. doi:10.3406/rfsp.1964.403464.
- Young, Eric (1999). "Youlou, Fulbert". Dalam Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York, NY: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-00071-1. OCLC 41649745.
Pranala luar
Media tentang Fulbert Youlou di Wikimedia Commons
Jabatan politik | ||
---|---|---|
Didahului oleh: Jacques Opangault | Perdana Menteri Republik Kongo 1958–1959 | Diteruskan oleh: Alphonse Massemba-Débat pasca pelengseran, 1959–1963 |
Didahului oleh: (tidak ada) | Presiden Republik Kongo 1960–1963 | Diteruskan oleh: Alphonse Massemba-Débat |
- l
- b
- s
- Youlou
- Massamba-Débat
- Raoul
- Ngouabi
- Komite Militer Partai Buruh Kongo
- Yhombi-Opango
- Sassou Nguesso
- Lissouba
- Sassou Nguesso
![Bendera Republik Kongo](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png)