System ligowy piłki nożnej w Anglii
System ligowy opiera się na hierarchiczności lig, powiązanych ze sobą zasadą awansów i spadków. Kluby, które zajmą pierwsze pozycje w lidze wspinają się po stopniach „piramidy” piłkarskiej coraz wyżej, zaś te plasujące się na ostatnich lokatach spadają do coraz niższych klas ligowych. Teoretycznie jest możliwe, aby klub z najniższej ligi, awansując rok po roku wygrał Premier League, czyli zdobył mistrzostwo Anglii. Praktycznie jest to właściwie niemożliwe, a nawet jeśli to po wielu latach „wspinaczki” po stopniach ligowych. Awanse nie są automatyczne, bo pomiędzy niektórymi ligami trzeba oprócz sportowych spełniać kryteria finansowo-organizacyjne. Piramida piłkarska w Anglii liczy ponad 7 000 klubów, nie licząc drużyn z lig, które nie należą do piramidy.
Najwyższe pięć lig jest jednolite. Niższe ligi mają stopniowo coraz więcej równoległych grup, które pokrywają coraz to mniejszy obszar geograficzny. W Anglii wszystkie klasy rozgrywkowe nie były podporządkowane związkowi krajowemu, lub jego regionalnym oddziałom. Ligi były autonomiczne, nie powiązane z systemem ligowym, czyli nie powiązane systemem spadków i awansów. Spowodowane jest to tradycją historyczna angielskiej piłki. Lokalne ligi tworzyły się niezależnie od zawodowej The Football League. Jeśli klub chciał grać w innej lidze (np. w The FL) musiał składać podania i spełniać wymogi organizacyjne, oraz zdać się na decyzję władz docelowej ligi. Przez wiele lat najlepsze zespoły spoza FL, nie dostawały zezwolenia gry w FL przez władze FL. Na początku XXI wieku w Anglii zaczęto dążyć do wcielenia wszystkich amatorskich lig do systemu ligowego. Pomimo tego są wciąż ligi, które nie wchodzą w jego skład, a uznawane są przez lokalne ligi wchodzące w skład systemu. Niezależne klasy mogą stać się częścią systemu ligowego jeśli zgłoszą taką chęć i spełnią określone wymogi. Angielski Związek Piłkarski (The Football Association) kontroluje rozgrywki lig na poziomie od 1 do 11.
Struktura
Najwyższą klasą ligą jest Premier League (zrzeszającą w jednej grupie 20 najlepszych zawodowych klubów Anglii i Walii), potocznie zwana Premiership. Stanowi pierwszą ligę w piramidzie ligowej.
Niżej znajduje się The Football League, którą tworzą trzy ligi:
- The Championship (24 kluby) – 2 liga,
- League One (24 kluby) – 3 liga,
- League Two (24 kluby) – 4 liga.
92 kluby Premiership i The FL są i zawsze były w pełni zawodowe.
Najwyższą ligą „nie-Ligowej piłki” non-League Football jest Football Conference liczące 24 kluby – V liga.
Niżej są 2 grupy VI ligi – Conference North (22 kluby), Conference South (22 kluby). Część klubów V i VI ligi jest zawodowa, część pół zawodowa. Poniżej V klasy ligowej stopniowo przeważają kluby amatorskie.
Niżej znajdują się trzy ligi regionalne, które opierają się na podziale geograficznym, choć istnieją pewne wyjątki od tej reguły. Northern League (północ Anglii), Southern League (południe, Midlands, części Walii), Isthmian League (południowy wschód z Londynem).
VII liga składa się z trzech grup: Northern Premier League Premier Division (24 kluby), Southern Football League Premier Division (24 kluby), Isthmian Premier Division (24 kluby).
VIII ligę tworzy 6 grup, po 2 grupy należące do każdej z trzech lig:
- NPL First Div.North, NPL First Div. South,
- SFL Div. One Midlands, SFL Div. One South &West,
- IL Div. One North, IL Div. One South
Kluby z lig IX - XI biorą udział w pucharze Anglii, są też składnikami Narodowego Systemu Ligowego (National League System), obejmującego poziomy rozgrywek 5-11.
Kluby z lig XII i niższych połączone są z NLS zasadą awansów i spadków, ale nie wchodzą w skład NLS, nie mają prawa uczestniczyć w eliminacjach do pucharu Anglii. Okręgi mają swoje własne puchary.
Od IX ligi zaczyna się system podregionalnych lig, które mają różne nazewnictwo swych poziomów rozgrywkowych, ale łączy je to, że każda z nich ma wiele lig jeszcze niższych, które pokrywają coraz to mniejsze obszary geograficzne. Drabina rozgrywek w zależności od regionu sięga do 16 ligi, lub do 24 ligi dla okręgu Bristol. Bristol Downs FL Division 4 jest najniższym w Anglii poziomem rozgrywek.
Piramida
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Poziom | Klasa rozgrywkowa | |||||
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1 | Premier League 20 klubów | |||||
2 | Football League Championship | |||||
3 | Football League One | |||||
4 | Football League Two | |||||
5 | Conference National | |||||
6 | Conference North | Conference South | ||||
7 | Northern Premier League Premier Division | Southern Football League Premier Division | Isthmian League Premier Division | |||
8 | Northern Premier League First Division North | Northern Premier League First Division South | Southern Football League Division One Midlands | Southern Football League Division One South & West | Isthmian League Division One North | Isthmian League Division One South |
9 | North West Counties Football League Division One 22 kluby | |||||
10 | North West Counties Football League Division Two 19 klubów | |||||
11 | Anglian Combination Premier Division 16 klubów | Northamptonshire Combination Premier Division 14 klubów | ||||
12 | Aldershot & District League Senior Division | Middlesex County Football League Division One | ||||
13 | Aldershot & District League Division One | Middlesex County Football League Division Two | ||||
14 | Aldershot & District League Division Two | Andover and District Saturday Football League | Anglian Combination Division Three | Altrincham and District Amateur Football League Division Two | Banbury District and Lord Jersey FA Division One | Basingstoke and District Football League Premier Division | Bath and District League Division One | Bedfordshire Football League Division Three | Bournemouth Saturday Football League Division Two | Bradford League | Brighton Hove and District Football League Division Three | Bristol and District League Senior Division | Bristol and Suburban Association Football League Division One | Cambridgeshire Football League Division One A | Cambridgeshire Football League Division One B | Cheltenham League Division One | Cirencester and District League Division One | Craven and District League Premier Division | Crawley and District Football League Division Three | Devon and Exeter Football League Senior Division Two | Doncaster and District Senior League Division One | Dorset Senior League Division Two | Driffield and District League Premier Division | Duchy League Premier Division | East Berkshire Football League Division Three | East Riding Amateur League Premier Division | East Riding County League Premier Division | East Sussex Football League Division Three | Essex and Suffolk Border Football League Division Three | Essex Business Houses Football League Premier Division | Falmouth and Helston League Division Two | Furness Premier League Premier Division | Guildford and Woking Alliance League Premier Division | Halifax and District League Premier Division | Harrogate and District League Premier Division | Hertford and District League Division One | Humber Premier League Division One | Huddersfield and District Association Football League Division One | Ilford and District League Division One | Lancashire Amateur League Premier Division | Leeds Red Triangle Football League Premier Division | Leicester and District League Division One | Leicester City League Division One | Leicestershire Combination Division Two | Mid-Essex League Division One | Mid Somerset League Premier Division | Mid-Sussex Football League Division Three | Middlesex County Football League Division Three East | Middlesex County Football League Division Three West | Midlands Regional Alliance Division One | Mining League Division Two | Newcastle Corinthians League Division One | North Berks Football League Division Four | North Bucks and District League Division One | North Devon League Intermediate Division One | North Gloucestershire League Premier Division | North & Mid-Herts Football League Division One Mid | North & Mid-Herts Football League Division One North | North Leicestershire League Division One | North Northumberland League Division One | Northamptonshire Football Combination Division Three | Plymouth and West Devon Combination Intermediate Division | Portsmouth Saturday Football League Division One | Reading Football League Division Two | Sheffield and Hallamshire County Senior League Division One | Shropshire County Premier Football League Division One | Southampton Saturday Football League Senior Division One | South Devon Football League Division Two | Southend Borough Combination Division One | Spen Valley and District Football League Premier Division | Stroud and District League Division One | Suffolk and Ipswich Football League Division Three | Taunton & District Saturday League Division One | Tyneside Amateur League Division One | Wakefield and District League Premier Division | Weston super Mare and District League Division One | West Sussex Football League Division Three North | West Sussex Football League Division Three South | Winchester and District Saturday Football League | Witney and District League Division One | Worthing and District Football League Division Three | Yeovil and District League Premier Division | York Football League Premier Division | Yorkshire Old Boys League Senior Division A | |||||
15 | Aldershot & District League Division Three | Anglian Combination Division Four | Banbury District and Lord Jersey FA Division Two | Basingstoke and District Football League Division One | Bath and District League Division Two | Bournemouth Saturday Football League Division Three | Brighton Hove and District Football League Division Four | Bristol and District League Division One | Bristol and Suburban Association Football League Division Two | Cambridgeshire Football League Division Two A | Cambridgeshire Football League Division Two B | Cheltenham League Division Two | Cirencester and District League Division Two | Colchester and East Essex Football League Premier Division | Craven and District League Division One | Devon and Exeter Football League Senior Division Three | Dorset Senior League Division Three | Driffield and District League Division One | Duchy League Division One | East Berkshire League Division Four | East Riding Amateur League Division One | East Riding County League Division One | East Sussex Football League Division Four | Essex Business Houses Football League Division One | Falmouth and Helston League Division Three | Furness Premier League Division One | Guildford and Woking Alliance League Division One | Halifax and District League Division One | Harrogate and District League Division One | Hertford and District League Division Two | Huddersfield and District Association Football League Division Two | Ilford and District League Division Two | Isle of Wight Saturday Football League Division One | Lancashire Amateur League Division One | Leeds Red Triangle Football League Division One | Leicester and District League Division Two | Leicester City League Division Two | Mid-Essex League Division Two | Mid Somerset League Division One | Mid-Sussex Football League Division Four | Middlesex County Senior League | Midlands Regional Alliance Division Two | Mining League Division Three | Newcastle Corinthians League Division Two | North Berks Football League Division Five | North Bucks and District League Division Two | North Devon League Intermediate Division Two | North Gloucestershire League Division One | North Leicestershire League Division Two | North Northumberland League Division Two | Northamptonshire Football Combination Division Four | Portsmouth Saturday Football League Division Two | Reading Football League Division Three | Sheffield and Hallamshire County Senior League Division Two | Southampton Saturday Football League Junior Division One | South Devon Football League Division Three | Southend Borough Combination Division Two | Spen Valley and District Football League Division One | Stroud and District League Division Two | Suffolk and Ipswich Football League Division Four | Taunton & District Saturday League Division Two | Tyneside Amateur League Division Two | Wakefield and District League Division One | West Sussex Football League Division Four North | West Sussex Football League Division Four South | Weston super Mare and District League Division Two | Witney and District League Division Two | Yeovil and District League Division One | York Football League Division One | Yorkshire Old Boys League Senior Division A | |||||
16 | Anglian Combination Division Five | Banbury District and Lord Jersey FA Division Three | Basingstoke and District Football League Division Two | Bath and District League Division Three | Bournemouth Saturday Football League Division Four | Bristol and District League Division Two | Bristol and Suburban Association Football League Division Three | Cambridgeshire Football League Division Three A | Cambridgeshire Football League Division Three B | Cheltenham League Division Three | Colchester and East Essex Football League Division One | Craven and District League Division Two | Devon and Exeter Football League Senior Division Four | Dorset Senior League Division Four | Driffield and District League Division Two | Duchy League Division Two | East Riding Amateur League Division Two | East Riding County League Division Two | East Sussex Football League Division Five | Essex Business Houses Football League Division Two | Guildford and Woking Alliance League Division Two | Halifax and District League Division Two | Harrogate and District League Division Two | Hertford and District League Division Three | Huddersfield and District Association Football League Division Three | Ilford and District League Division Three | Isle of Wight Saturday Football League Division Two | Lancashire Amateur League Division Two | Mid-Essex League Division Three | Mid Somerset League Division Two | Mid-Sussex Football League Division Five | North Gloucestershire League Division Two | North Leicestershire League Division Three | Reading Football League Division Four | Sheffield Sports and Athletic League | Southampton Saturday Football League Junior Division Two | South Devon Football League Division Four | Southend Borough Combination Division Three | South Yorkshire Amateur League Premier Division | Stroud and District League Division Three | Suffolk and Ipswich Football League Division Five | Taunton & District Saturday League Division Three | Wakefield and District League Division Two | West Sussex Football League Division Five North | West Sussex Football League Division Five South | West Sussex Football League Division Five Central | Weston super Mare and District League Division Three | Witney and District League Division Three | Yeovil and District League Division Two | York Football League Division Two | Yorkshire Old Boys League Division One | |||||
17 | Anglian Combination Division Six | Bournemouth Saturday Football League Division Five | Bristol and District League Division Three | Bristol and Suburban Association Football League Division Four | Cambridgeshire Football League Division Four A | Cambridgeshire Football League Division Four B | Cheltenham League Division Four | Colchester and East Essex Football League Division Two | Craven and District League Division Three | Devon and Exeter Football League Senior Division Five | Driffield and District League Division Three | Duchy League Division Three | East Riding County League Division Three | East Sussex Football League Division Six | Essex Business Houses Football League Division Three | Guildford and Woking Alliance League Division Three | Halifax and District League Division Three | Harrogate and District League Division Three | Huddersfield and District Association Football League Division Four | Isle of Wight Saturday Football League Division Three | Lancashire Amateur League Division Three | Mid-Essex League Division Four | Mid Somerset League Division Three | Mid-Sussex Football League Division Six | North Gloucestershire League Division Three | North Leicestershire League Division Four | Southampton Saturday Football League Junior Division Three | South Devon Football League Division Five | South Yorkshire Amateur League Division One | Southend Borough Combination Division Four | Stroud and District League Division Four | Suffolk and Ipswich Football League Division Six | Taunton & District Saturday League Division Four | Wakefield and District League Division Three | Weston super Mare and District League Division Four | Yeovil and District League Division Three | York Football League Division Three | Yorkshire Old Boys League Division Two | |||||
18 | Bournemouth Saturday Football League Division Six | Bristol and District League Division Four | Bristol and Suburban Association Football League Division Five | Bury and District League Division One | Cambridgeshire Football League Division Five A | Cambridgeshire Football League Division Five B | Central and South Norfolk League Division One | Cheltenham League Division Five | Colchester and East Essex Football League Division Three | Devon and Exeter Football League Intermediate Division One | Duchy League Division Four | East Riding County League Division Four | Guildford and Woking Alliance League Division Four | Lancashire Amateur League Division Four | Mid-Essex League Division Five | Mid-Sussex Football League Division Seven | North Gloucestershire League Division Four | Southampton Saturday Football League Junior Division Four | South Devon Football League Division Six | Southend Borough Combination Division Five | Stroud and District League Division Five | Weston super Mare and District League Division Five | Yorkshire Old Boys League Division Three | |||||
19 | Bristol and District League Division Five | Bury and District League Division Two | Central and South Norfolk League Division Two | Devon and Exeter Football League Intermediate Division Two | Duchy League Division Five | East Riding County League Division Five | Huddersfield and District Works and Combination League | Lancashire Amateur League Division Five | Mid-Sussex Football League Division Eight | Southampton Saturday Football League Junior Division Five | South Devon Football League Division Seven | Southend Borough Combination Division Six | Stroud and District League Division Six | Weston super Mare and District League Division Six | Yorkshire Old Boys League Division Four | |||||
20 | Bristol and District League Division Six | Bury and District League Division Three | Central and South Norfolk League Division Three | Devon and Exeter Football League Intermediate Division Three | Lancashire Amateur League Division Six | Mid-Sussex Football League Division Nine | Southampton Saturday Football League Junior Division Six | Southend Borough Combination Division Seven | Stroud and District League Division Seven | Yorkshire Old Boys League Division Five | |||||
21 | Bristol and Avon League | Bristol Downs Football League Division One | Central and South Norfolk League Division Four | Devon and Exeter Football League Intermediate Division Four | Lancashire Amateur League Division Seven | Stroud and District League Division Eight | |||||
22 | Bristol Downs Football League Division Two | |||||
23 | Bristol Downs Football League Division Three | |||||
24 | Bristol Downs Football League Division Four |
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Reprezentacje |
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Rozgrywki ligowe |
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Rozgrywki pucharowe |
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Rozgrywki młodzieżowe | |||||||||||||
Nagrody i wyróżnienia |
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Pozostałe |
- Kluby
- Piłkarki
- Piłkarze
- Trenerzy
- Sędziowie
- Stadiony
- Piłka nożna w Wielkiej Brytanii
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AFC |
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CAF |
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CONCACAF |
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CONMEBOL |
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OFC |
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UEFA |
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