Língua munsee
Munsee | ||
---|---|---|
Falado(a) em: | Canadá; Estados Unidos | |
Região: | hoje em Ontario; antes em Nova Iorque, Nova Jérsie, Pennsylvania | |
Total de falantes: | 7–8 (2009), dentre 400 Munsee (1991) | |
Família: | Álgica Algonquina Algonquina Oriental Delaware Munsee | |
Códigos de língua | ||
ISO 639-1: | -- | |
ISO 639-2: | --- | |
ISO 639-3: | umu |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Lenape_Languages.png/300px-Lenape_Languages.png)
Munsee (também chamada Munsee Delaware, Delaware, Ontario Delaware) é uma língua em vias de extinção do subgrupo Algonquino Oriental, sendo uma das duas línguas delaware (ou Lanope) . É muito próxima da já extinta Unami Delaware. O Munsee já foi falado por nativos de áreas vizinhas à atual Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos, mais precisamente no oeste de Long Island, ilha Manhattan, Staten Island, Hudson Valley, terço setentrional de Nova Jérsie e nordeste da Pennsylvania.
Fonologia
Consoantes
Bilabial | Dental | Postalveolar | Velar | Glotal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | p | t | č [tʃ] | k | |
Fricativa | s | š [ʃ] | x | h | |
Nasal | m | n | |||
Lateral | l | ||||
Semivogais | (w) | y [j] | w |
Vogais
Frontal | Central | Posterior | |
---|---|---|---|
Fechada | i• [iː], i [ɪ] | o• [oː], o [ʊ] | |
Média | e• [ɛː], e [ɛ] | ə | |
Aberta | a• [aː], a [ʌ] |
Ortografia
Linguística | Prática | Português | Linguística | Prática | Português | Linguística | Prática | Português | Linguística | Prática | Português | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ampi•lamé•kwa•n | ambiilaméekwaan | agulha | nkwə́ta•š | ngwútaash | seis | wčéht | wchéht | músculo | ăpánšəy | ăpánzhuy | madeira | |||
nə̆wánsi•n | nŭwánsiin | Eu esqueci | xwánsal | xwánzal | irmão mais velho dele | ní•ša•š | níishaash | sete | ntəší•nsi | ndushíinzi | eu ne chamo assim e assim | |||
máske•kw | máskeekw | pântano, lagoa | xá•š | xáash | oito | ăpwá•n | ăpwáan | ”pão | óhpwe•w | óhpweew | ele fuma | |||
wə́sksəw | wúsksuw | ele é jovem | ătíhte•w | ătíhteew | está maduro | kíhkay | kíhkay | chefe | máxkw | máxkw | urso | |||
kwi•škwtó•nhe•w | kwiishkwtóonheew | ele sussurra | áhpăpo•n | áhpăpoon | cadeira | xwáškwšəš | xwáshkwshush | rato almiscarado | pé•nkwan | péenɡwan | está seco |
Notas
- ↑ Examples from O'Meara, John, 1996
Bibliografia
- Blalock, Lucy, Bruce Pearson and James Rementer. 1994. The Delaware Language. Bartlesville, OK: Delaware Tribe of Indians.
- Brinton, Daniel G., and Albert Seqaqkind Anthony. 1888. A Lenâpé-English dictionary. From an anonymous manuscript in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem Philadelphia: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
- Delaware Nation Council. 1992. Lunaapeew Dictionary. Basic Words. Part One. Moraviantown: Delaware Nation Council.
- Goddard, Ives. 1974a. "Dutch Loanwords in Delaware." Herbert C. Kraft, ed. A Delaware Indian Symposium, pp. 153–160. Anthropological Series No. 4. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
- Goddard, Ives. 1977. "Some early examples of American Indian Pidgin English from New England." International Journal of American Linguistics 43: 37-41.
- Goddard, Ives. 1979a. "Comparative Algonquian." Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun, eds, The languages of Native America, pp. 70–132. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-74624-5
- Goddard, Ives. 1994. "The West-to-East Cline in Algonquian Dialetoology." William Cowan, ed., Papers of the 25th Algonquian Conference, pp. 187–211. Ottawa: Carleton University. ISSN 0831-5671
- Michelson, Truman. 1922. [Field notes collected at Moraviantown and Six Nations]. Ms. 1635. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
- Pearson, Bruce. 1988. A Grammar of Delaware: Semantics, Morpho-Syntax, Lexicon, Fonologia. Dewey, OK: Touching Leaves Indian Crafts.
- Zeisberger, David. 1887. Ebenezer N. Horsford, ed., Zeisberger's Indian Dictionary, English, German, Iroquois — the Onondaga, and Algonquin — the Delaware. Cambridge, MA: John Wilson.
- Cohen, Patricia. 2010. Indian Tribes Go in Search of Their Lost Languages, New York Times, April 6, 2010, C1
- Costa, David. J. 2007. "The dialetoology of Southern New England Algonquian. H.C. Wolfart, ed. Papers of the 38th Algonquian Conference, pp. 81-127. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. ISSN 0831-5671
- Dahlstrom, Amy. 1995. "Motivation vs. Predictability in Algonquian gender.” H. C. Wolfart, ed., Papers of the Thirty-Third Algonquian Conference, 52-66. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. ISSN 0831-5671
- Goddard, Ives. 1971. "The ethnohistorical implications of early Delaware linguistic materials." Man in the Northeast 1: 14-26.
- Goddard, Ives. 1974. "The Delaware Language, Past and Present." Herbert C. Kraft, ed. A Delaware Indian Symposium, pp. 103–110. Anthropological Series No. 4. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
- Goddard, Ives. 1978. "Eastern Algonquian Languages." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15, Northeast, pp. 70–77. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004575-4
- Goddard, Ives. 1978a. "Delaware." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15. Northeast, pp. 213–239. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004575-4
- Goddard, Ives. 1979. Delaware Verbal Morphology. New York: Garland. ISBN 978-0-8240-9685-4
- Goddard, Ives. 1982. "Munsee historical Fonologia." International Journal of American Linguistics 48: 16-48.
- Goddard, Ives. 1990. "Aspects of the Topic Structure of Fox Narratives: Proximate Shifts and the Use of Overt and Inflectional NPs." International Journal of American Linguistics 56: 317-340
- Goddard, Ives. 1996. "Introduction." Ives Goddard, ed., The Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 17. Languages, pp. 1–16. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9
- Goddard, Ives. 2002. "Grammatical gender in Algonquian." H.C. Wolfart, ed., Papers of the Thirty-Third Algonquian Conference, pp. 195–231. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. ISSN 0831-5671
- Kraft, Herbert. 1986. The Lenape: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-911020-14-4
- Kraft, Herbert. 1986a. "Settlement Patterns in the Upper Delaware Valley." Jay F. Custer, ed., Late Woodland Cultures of the Middle Atlantic Region, pp. 102–115. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0-87413-285-4
- McDowell, Adam. 2009. "More than words: Can Canada's dying languages be saved?[ligação inativa]" National Post. January 22, 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2009
- Nichols, John D. and Earl Nyholm. 1995. A concise dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-2427-5
- O'Meara, John. 1992. "Intransitive Verbs with Secondary Objects in Munsee Delaware." W. Cowan, ed., Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Algonquian Conference, pp. 322–333. Ottawa: Carleton University. ISSN 0831-5671
- O'Meara, John. 1996. Delaware/English - English/Delaware Dictionary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-0670-7
- Rudes, Blair. 1997. 1997. "Resurrecting Wampano (Quiripi) from the dead: Phonological preliminaries." Anthropological Linguistics 39: 1-59
- Snow, Dean. 1978. "Late prehistory of the East coast." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15. Northeast, pp. 58-. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004575-4
- Williams, Lorraine E. 1995. "Indians and Europeans in the Delaware River Valley, 1620-1655." Carol E. Hoffecker, Richard Waldron, Lorraine E. Williams, and Barbara E. Benson, eds., New Sweden in America, pp. 112–120. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0-87413-520-6
Ligações externas
- Munsee em Omniglot.com
- Munsee em Ethnologue
- Munsee em Nativa Languages
- Lunaapeew Language, Delaware Nation Language, Cultural and Historical Department
- [ligação inativa] Munsee, Ramapough Lenaape Nation
- Language & Culture Committee, Stockbridge Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians
- «Native American Audio Collections: Delaware». American Philosophical Society. Consultado em 20 de maio de 2013. Arquivado do original em 2 de março de 2013
- Collection of Hymns, in Muncey and English, for the Use of the Native Indians, 1874
- OLAC resources in and about the Munsee language
- Site devoted to the study of the Munsee Delaware language