Kleomenov rat

Kleomenov rat
A map of Greece. That northern half of Greece is occupied by the new Aetolian League and the southern territories under the control of Macedcon, while the south is occupied by Sparta, the Achaean League and several smaller states.
Datum 229/228. pne.[1] – 222. pne.
Lokacija Peloponez
Rezultat ahajsko-makedonska pobjeda
Casus
belli
spartanska ekspanzija
Teritorijalne
promjene
Akrokorint, Korint, Hereja i Orhomen preuzima Makedonija[2]
Zaraćene strane
Sparta,
Elida
Ahajski savez,
Makedonija,
Komandanti
Kleomen III Arat,
Antigon III Doson
Snage
~20.000 (najveća skupljena vojska) ~30.000 (najveća skupljena vojska)

Kleomenov rat[3] (229/228. pne. – 222. pne.) se vodio između Sparte i Elide na jednoj, te Ahajskog saveza i Makedonije na drugoj strani. Završio je s ahajsko-makedonskom pobjedom.

Ime je dobio po spartanskom kralju Kleomenu III koji je po dolasku na vlast započeo niz opsežnih ekonomskih i političkih reformi s ciljem da Sparti vrati nekadašnju vojnu moć, odnosno hegemoniju nad Grčkom. U tome su mu otpor pružali efori, pa je njihov uticaj nastojao suzbiti popularnim vojnim pohodima protiv susjeda. To ga je dovelo u sukob s Ahajskim savezom i njegovim strategosom Aratom iz Sikiona.

Kleomen je ispočetka imao velikih uspjeha. Pobijedio je Arata u bitci kod Likejske gore, a nakon likvidacije efora pokrenuo pohod na Arkadiju, potom još jednom pobijedio Arata u bitci kod Dime. Ahajski savez je bio prisiljen tražiti pomoć od makedonskog kralja Antigona III Dosona. U međuvremenu je Kleomen zauzeo Korint i Argos. Kada je 222. pne. makedonska vojska konačno prodrla na Peloponez, Kleomen je bio prisiljen na povlačenje, a u bitci kod Selasije je njegova vojska uništena. Kleomen je pobjegao iz Sparte, koja je okupirana, i prestala biti vojnom silom.

Izvori

  1. Hammond,A History of Macedon Volume III: 336-167 B.C, 305
  2. Habicht, p. 175.
    *Hammond, A History of Macedon Volume III: 336-167 B.C, p.353.
  3. Polybius. The Rise of the Roman Empire, 2.46.

Primarni izvori

  • Pausanias (translated by W.H.S. Jones). Description of Greece. London: Cambridge, 1918.
  • Plutarch (translated by Richard Talbert). Life of Agis. New York: Penguin Classics, 1988. ISBN 0-14-044463-7
  • Plutarch (translated by Richard Talbert). Life of Cleomenes. New York: Penguin Classics, 1988. ISBN 0-14-044463-7
  • Plutarch (translated by Richard Talbert). Plutarch on Sparta. New York: Penguin Classics, 1988. ISBN 0-14-044463-7
  • Polybius (translated by Frank W. Walbank). The Rise of the Roman Empire. New York: Penguin Classics, 1979. ISBN 0-14-044362-2
  • Plutarch. Life of Aratus. Attalus (Retrieved on August 9, 2007).

Sekundarni izvori

  • Grainger, John. The League of Aitolians. Leiden: Koninklijke, 1999. ISBN 0-169-8958 Uneseni ISBN nije važeći..
  • Green, Peter. Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990. ISBN 0-500-01485-X.
  • Habicht, Christian. Athens from Alexander to Antony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-674-05111-4
  • Hackett, John. Warfare in the Classical World. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1989. ISBN 0-283-99591-2.
  • Hammond, Nicholas. The Macedonian State: Origins, Institutions and History. Clarendon Press, 1989. ISBN 0-19-814883-6
  • Hammond, Nicholas. A History of Macedon Volume III: 336-167 B.C. Oxford University Press, reprinted 2001. ISBN 0-19-814815-1
  • Lemprière, John. Lemprière's Bibliotheca Classica. London: Bracken Books, 1989. ISBN 1-88891-228-8 Uneseni ISBN nije važeći.
  • Niebuhr, Barthold Georg. A History of Rome (Volume II). Million Book Project (Accessed May 9, 2007).
  • Shipley, Graham. The Greek World After Alexander: 323-30 BC. London: Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-04618-1
  • Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray, 1873.
  • F W Walbank. The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2. Cambridge University Press, 1989. ISBN 0-521-23446-8
  • Warry, John (1995; edition 2006). Warfare in the Classical World London (UK), University of Oklahoma Press , Norman Publishing Division of the University by special arrangement with Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN 0-8061-2794-5
  • Yonah, Michael Avi and Shatzman, Israel. Illustrated Encyclopaedia of the Classical World. Jerusalem: Jerusalem Publishing House, 1976. ISBN 978-0-562-00037-3

37°20′59″N 22°21′08″E / 37.34972°N 22.35222°E / 37.34972; 22.35222