Heliks-zavoj-heliks

λ represor bakteriofaga lambda koristi heliks-zavoj-heliks (levo; zeleno) da se veže za DNK (desno; plavo i crveno).

U proteinima, heliks-zavoj-heliks (HTH) je glavni strukturni motiv sa sposobnošću vezivanja za DNK. On se sastoji od dva α heliksa spojena kratkim lancom aminokiselina. Prisutan je u mnogim proteinima koji regulišu ekspresiju gena. On se razlikuje od domena heliks-petlja-heliks.^[1]

Otkriće

Otkriće heliks-zavoj-heliks motiva je bilo bazirano na sličnostima između nekoliko gena koji koriraju transkripcione regulatorne proteine iz bakteriofaga lambda i Escherichia coli: Cro, CAP, i λ represor, za koje je najđeno da imaju zajedničku 20-25 aminokiselina dugu sekvencu koja omogućava DNK prepoznavanje.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Reference

^ Brennan RG, Matthews BW (1989). „The helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif.”. J Biol Chem. 264 (4): 1903—6. PMID 2644244.
^ Matthews BW, Ohlendorf DH, Anderson WF, Takeda Y (1982). „Structure of the DNA-binding region of lac repressor inferred from its homology with cro repressor.”. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 79 (5): 1428—32. PMC 345986 . PMID 6951187.
^ Anderson WF, Ohlendorf DH, Takeda Y, Matthews BW (1981). „Structure of the cro repressor from bacteriophage lambda and its interaction with DNA.”. Nature. 290 (5809): 754—8. PMID 6452580.
^ McKay DB, Steitz TA (1981). „Structure of catabolite gene activator protein at 2.9 A resolution suggests binding to left-handed B-DNA.”. Nature. 290 (5809): 744—9. PMID 6261152.
^ Pabo CO, Lewis M (1982). „The operator-binding domain of lambda repressor: structure and DNA recognition.”. Nature. 298 (5873): 443—7. PMID 7088190.

Literatura

K, Struhl (1989). „Helix-turn-helix, zinc-finger, and leucine-zipper motifs for eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins.”. Trends Biochem Sci. 14 (4): 137—40. PMID 2499084.
Gajiwala KS, Burley SK (2000). „Winged helix proteins.”. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 10 (1): 110—6. PMID 10679470.
Santos CL, Tavares F, Thioulouse J, Normand P (2009). „A phylogenomic analysis of bacterial helix-turn-helix transcription factors.”. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 33 (2): 411—29. PMID 19076237. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00154.x.
Hoskisson PA, Rigali S (2009). „Chapter 1: Variation in form and function the helix-turn-helix regulators of the GntR superfamily.”. Adv Appl Microbiol. 69: 1—22. PMID 19729089. doi:10.1016/S0065-2164(09)69001-8.
RG, Brennan (1993). „The winged-helix DNA-binding motif: another helix-turn-helix takeoff.”. Cell. 74 (5): 773—6. PMID 8374950.
Huffman JL, Brennan RG (2002). „Prokaryotic transcription regulators: more than just the helix-turn-helix motif.”. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 12 (1): 98—106. PMID 11839496.

Vidi još

Domen vezivanja DNK
Sekundarna struktura proteina
Zinkov prst

Spoljašnje veze

Heliks-zavoj-heliks
PDB 1LMB
Cro/C1-type HTH domen

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domeni

Bakterijski regulatorni heliks-zavoj-heliks protein, lysR familija

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_1

PF00126

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR000847

PDOC00043

1al3

SUPERFAMILY

1al3

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

HTH DNA vezujući domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_10

PF04967

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR007050

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Ribonukleazni R heliksni domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_12

PF08461

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR013668

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

HTH DNA vezujući domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_13

PF11972

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR021068

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_3

PF01381

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR001387

1r69

SUPERFAMILY

1r69

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Bakterijski regulatorni protein, arsR familija

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_5

PF01022

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR001845

PDOC00661

1smt

SUPERFAMILY

1smt

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen, rpiR familija

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_6

PF01418

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR000281

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen rezolvaze

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_7

PF02796

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR006120

PDOC00334

1hcr

SUPERFAMILY

1hcr

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Bakterijski regulatorni protein, Fis familija

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_8

PF02954

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR002197

1f36

SUPERFAMILY

1f36

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

RNA polimeraza III podjedinica RPC82 heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_9

PF08221

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR013197

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Bakterijski regulatorni heliks-zavoj-heliks proteini, AraC familija

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_AraC

PF00165

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR000005

PDOC00040

1bl0

SUPERFAMILY

1bl0

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

CodY heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_CodY

PF08222

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR013198

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

DeoR sličan heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_DeoR

PF08220

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR001034

PDOC00696

1lk5

SUPERFAMILY

1lk5

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

IclR heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_IclR

PF09339

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR005471

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

M protein trans delujući pozitivni regulator (MGA) HTH domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Mga

PF08280

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR013199

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_OrfB_IS605

PF12323

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR021027

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks Psq domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_psq

PF05225

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR007889

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Transposaza

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Tnp_1

PF01527

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR002514

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Transposaza

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Tnp_IS630

PF01710

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR002622

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Mi DNK vezujući domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Tnp_Mu_1

PF02316

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR003314

1qpm

SUPERFAMILY

1qpm

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Mi DNK Vezujući, I gama poddomen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Tnp_Mu_2

PF09039

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR015126

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Transposaza

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Tnp_Tc3_2

PF01498

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR002492

1tc3

SUPERFAMILY

1tc3

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Tc5 transposaza DNA vezujući domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Tnp_Tc5

PF03221

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR004906

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Regulator sporulacije, WhiA C terminusni domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_WhiA

PF02650

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR003802

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen alkil merkuri liaze

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_15

PF12324

Pfam klan

CL0123

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_16

PF12645

Pfam klan

CL0123

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_17

PF12728

Pfam klan

CL0123

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_18

PF12833

Pfam klan

CL0123

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_19

PF12844

Pfam klan

CL0123

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_20

PF12840

Pfam klan

CL0123

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

InsA C-terminusni domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Tnp_IS1

PF12759

Pfam klan

CL0123

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Heliks-zavoj-heliks domen transposaze IS66

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Tnp_IS66

PF13005

Pfam klan

CL0123

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

HTH domen

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_11

PF08279

Pfam klan

CL0123

IPR013196

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Tc3 transposaza

Identifikatori

Simbol

HTH_Tnp_Tc3_1

PF11427

Pfam klan

CL0123

Dostupne proteinske strukture:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

p
r
u

Sekundarna struktura proteina

Sekundarna struktura proteina

Heliksi: α-heliks • 3₁₀ heliks • π-heliks • β-heliks • Poliprolinski heliks • Kolagenski heliks

Ispružena: β-ravan • Okret • Beta ukosnica • Beta izbočina • α-ravan

Supersekundarna: Upredena zavojnica • Heliks-okret-heliks • EF ruka

Favorizuju heliks: Metionin • Alanin • Leucin • Glutaminska kiselina • Glutamin • Lizin

Favorizuju izdužene strukture: Treonin • Izoleucin • Valin • Fenilalanin • Tirozin • Triptofan

Favorizuju neuređene strukture: Glicin • Serin • Prolin • Asparagin • Asparaginska kiselina

Bez preferencije: Cistein • Histidin • Arginin

← Primarna struktura

Tercijarna struktura →

B bsyn: dnk (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)

п
р
у

Transkripcioni faktori i intracelularni receptori

(1) Osnovni domeni

(1.1) Osnovni leucinski zatvarač (bZIP)	Aktivirajući transkripcioni faktor (AATF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) • AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) • BACH (1, 2) • BATF • BLZF1 • C/EBP (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) • CREB (1, 3, L1) • CREM • DBP • DDIT3 • GABPA • HLF • MAF (B, F, G, K) • NFE (2, L1, L2) • NFIL3 • NRL • NRF1 • XBP1
(1.2) Osnovni heliks-petlja-heliks (bHLH)	ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BHLHB2 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • EPAS1 • HAND (1, 2) • HES (5, 6) • HEY (1, 2, L) • HES1 • HIF (1A, 3A) • ID (1, 2, 3, 4) • LYL1 • MXD4 • MYCL1 • MYCN • Myogenic regulatorni faktori (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) • Neurogenini (1, 2, 3) • NeuroD (1, 2) • NPAS (1, 2, 3) • OLIG (1, 2) • Pho4 • Scleraxis • TAL (1, 2) • Twist • USF1
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP	AP-4 • MAX • MITF • MNT • MLX • MXI1 • Myc • SREBP (1, 2)
(1.4) NF-1	NFI (A, B, C, X) • SMAD (R-SMAD (1, 2, 3, 5, 9) - I-SMAD (6, 7) - 4)
(1.5) RF-X	RFX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ANK)
(1.6) Osnovni heliks-razmak-heliks (bHSH)	AP-2 (α, β, γ, δ, ε)

(2) DNA-vezujući domeni cinkovog prsta

(2.1) Nuklearni receptor (Cys₄)	potfamilija 1 (Tiroidni hormon (α, β), CAR, FXR, LXR (α, β), PPAR (α, β/δ, γ), PXR, RAR (α, β, γ), ROR (α, β, γ), Rev-ErbA (α, β), VDR) potfamilija 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testikularni receptor (2, 4), TLX) potfamilija 3 (Steroidni hormon (Androgen, Estrogen (α, β), Glukokortikoid, Mineralokortikoid, Progesteron), Estrogen-vezani (α, β, γ)) potfamilija 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) • potfamilija 5 (LRH-1, SF1) • potfamilija 6 (GCNF) • potfamilija 0 (DAX1, SHP)
(2.2) Drugi Cys₄	GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) • MTA (1, 2, 3) • TRPS1
(2.3) Cys₂His₂	Generalni transkripcioni faktori (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF (1, 2), TFIIH (1, 2, 4, 2I, 3A, 3C1, 3C2)) ATBF1 • BCL (6, 11A, 11B) • CTCF • E4F1 • EGR (2, 3) • ERV3 • GFI1 • GLI-Kruppel familija (1, 2, 3, REST, S2, YY1) • HIC (1, 2) • HIVEP (1, 2, 3) • IKZF (1, 2, 3) • ILF (2, 3) • KLF (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17) • MTF1 • MYT1 • OSR1 • SP (1, 2, 4, 7) • WT1 • Zbtb7 (7A, 7B) • ZBTB (16, 17, 20, 32, 33, 40) • cink prst (3, 7, 9, 10, 19, 22, 24, 33B, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 51, 74, 143, 146, 148, 165, 202, 217, 219, 238, 239, 259, 267, 268, 281, 295, 318, 330, 346, 350, 365, 366, 384, 423, 451, 452, 471, 593, 638, 649, 655)
(2.4) Cys₆	HIVEP1
(2.5) Naizmenična kompozicija	AIRE • DIDO1 • GRLF1 • ING (1, 2, 4) • JARID (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2) • JMJD1B

(3) Heliks-zavoj-heliks domeni

(3.1) Homeodomen	ARX • CDX (1, 2) • CRX • CUTL1 • DBX (1, 2) • DLX (3, 4, 5) • EMX2 • EN (1, 2) • FHL (1, 2, 3) • HESX1 • HHEX • HLX • Homeobox (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C13, D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) • HOPX • IRX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, MKX) • LMX (1A, 1B) • MEIS (1, 2) • MEOX2 • MNX1 • MSX (1, 2) • NANOG • NKX (2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-5, 3-1, 3-2, 6-1, 6-2) • PBX (1, 2, 3) • PHF (1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 20, 21A) • PITX (1, 2, 3) • POU domen (PIT-1, BRN-3: A, B, C, Oktamer transkripcioni faktor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7, 11) • OTX (1, 2) • PDX1 • ZEB (1, 2)
(3.2) Paired box	PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
(3.3) Fork glava / winged heliks	E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • FOX proteini (C1, C2, D3, E1, G1, H1, K2, L2, M1, N3, O1, O3, O4, P1, P2, P3)
(3.4) Faktori toplotnog šoka	HSF (1, 2, 4)
(3.5) Triptofan klasteri	ELF (2, 4, 5) • EGF • ELK (1, 3, 4) • ERF • ERG • ETS (1, 2, SPIB) • ETV (1, 4, 5, 6) • FLI1 • Interferon regulatorni faktori (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • MYB • MYBL2
(3.6) TEA domen	transkripcioni pojačivač faktor (1, 2, 3, 4)

(4) β-Scaffold faktori sa manjim žljebnim kontaktima

(4.1) Rel homologni region	NF-κB (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) • NFAT (C1, C2, C3, C4, 5)
(4.2) STAT	STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
(4.3) p53	p53 • TBX (1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 21, 22, Brahiuri, TBR1)
(4.4) MADS kutija	Mef2 (A, B, C, D) • SRF
(4.6) TATA vezujući proteini	TBP • TBPL1
(4.7) Grupa visoke pokretljivosti	HMGB (1, 2, 3) • HNF (1A, 1B) • LEF1 • SOX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 21) • SRY • SSRP1 • TCF (3, 4) • TOX (1, 2, 3, 4)
(4.10) Domen hladnog šoka	CSDA, YBX1
(4.11) Runt	CBF (CBFA2T2, CBFA2T3, RUNX1, RUNX2, RUNX3, RUNX1T1)

(0) Drugi transkripcioni faktori

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA (1, 2) • HBP1
(0.3) Džep domen	Rb • RBL1 • RBL2
(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-vezani faktori	Apetala 2 • EREBP • B3
(0.6) Razno	ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) • CAP • IFI (16, 35) • MLL (2, 3, T1) • MNDA • NFY (A, B, C) • Ro/Sigma

vidi isto transkripcioni faktor/koregulator nedostataka
B bsyn: dnk (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)

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