Sazangiller
Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||
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Biyolojik sınıflandırma ![]() | |||||||||||||
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Tip cins | |||||||||||||
Cyprinus Linnaeus, 1758 | |||||||||||||
Alt familyalar | |||||||||||||
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Cyprinidae veya Sazangiller, çok sayıda tatlısu balık türlerini kapsayan ve Cypriniformes takımına ait olan bir balık familyasıdır.
Cyprinidae familyası yaklaşık 370 cins içeriğinde, 1270'e yakın yaşayan tür dahil 3000'den fazla balık türü ile en çok çeşitliliğe sahip balık familyasından biridir.[2][3] Cyprinidae familyasındaki türlerin boyutları 12 mm ile 3 m olan Catlocarpio siamensis aralığındadır.[4] By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes.[2][3][5]
Özellikler
Cyprinidae Kuzey Amerika, Afrika ve Avrasya'ya özgüdür. Bilinen en büyük türü 3 m (9,8 ft) uzunluğa ve 300 kg (660 lb) ağırlığa erişebilen Catlocarpio siamensisdir.[6]
Bu familyadaki balıkların mideleri yoktur ve çeneleri dişsizdir. Çenelerinde dişler yerine kursak kemiklerinin üstünde dişe benzer uzantılar vardır. Bunlar ayrıca her türe özgü farklılık gösterdiği için türlerin tanımlanması ve birbirinden ayırt adilmesinde kullanılır.
Taksonomi
Cyprinidae familyasına bağlı cinsler (2023):[7]
- Aaptosyax - Rainboth, 1991
- Abbottina - Jordan and Fowler, 1903
- Acanthogobio - Herzenstein, 1892
- Acanthorhodeus - Bleeker, 1871
- Acapoeta - Cockerell, 1910
- Acheilognathus - Bleeker, 1860
- Acrossocheilus - Oshima, 1919
- Albulichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Amblypharyngodon - Bleeker, 1860
- Amblyrhynchichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Anabarilius - Cockerell, 1923
- Ancherythroculter - Yih and Wu, 1964
- Aphyocypris - G nther, 1868
- Aspidoparia - Heckel, 1847
- Aspiorhynchus - Kessler, 1879
- Atrilinea - Chu, 1935
- Aulopyge - Heckel, 1841
- Balantiocheilos - Bleeker, 1860
- Bangana - Hamilton, 1822
- Barbichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Barbodes - Bleeker, 1859
- Barboides - Br ning, 1929
- Barbonymus - Kottelat, 1999
- Barbopsis - Di Caporiacco, 1926
- Barbus - Cuvier and Cloquet, 1816
- Barilius - Hamilton, 1822
- Belligobio - Jordan and Hubbs, 1925
- Bengala - Gray, 1833
- Biwia - Jordan and Fowler, 1903
- Boraras - Kottelat and Vidthayanon, 1993
- Caecobarbus - Boulenger, 1921
- Caecocypris - Banister and Bunni, 1980
- Candidia - Jordan and Richardson, 1909
- Capoeta - Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1842
- Carasobarbus - Karaman, 1971
- Carassioides - Oshima, 1926
- Carassius - Nilsson, 1832
- Catlocarpio - Boulenger, 1898
- Chagunius - Smith, 1938
- Chanodichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Chela - Hamilton, 1822
- Chelaethiops - Boulenger, 1899
- Chuanchia - Herzenstein, 1891
- Cirrhinus - Oken, 1817
- Coptostomabarbus - David and Poll, 1937
- Coreius - Jordan and Starks, 1905
- Coreoleuciscus - Mori, 1935
- Cosmochilus - Sauvage, 1878
- Crossocheilus - Kuhl and van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823
- Ctenopharyngodon - Steindachner, 1866
- Culter - Basilewsky, 1855
- Cultrichthys - Smith, 1938
- Cyclocheilichthys - Bleeker, 1859
- Cyprinion - Heckel, 1843
- Cyprinus - Linnaeus, 1758
- Danio - Hamilton, 1822
- Danionella - Roberts, 1986
- Devario - Heckel, 1843
- Diptychus - Steindachner, 1866
- Discherodontus - Rainboth, 1989
- Discocheilus - Zhang, 1997
- Discogobio - Lin, 1931
- Discolabeo - Fowler, 1937
- Distoechodon - Peters, 1881
- Eirmotus - Schultz, 1959
- Elopichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Engraulicypris - G nther, 1894
- Epalzeorhynchos - Bleeker, 1855
- Esomus - Swainson, 1839
- Garra - Hamilton, 1822
- Gibelion - Heckel, 1843
- Gnathopogon - Bleeker, 1860
- Gobio - Cuvier, 1816
- Gobiobotia - Kreyenberg, 1911
- Gobiocypris - Ye and Fu, 1983
- Gymnocypris - G nther, 1868
- Gymnodanio - Chen and He, 1992
- Gymnodiptychus - Herzenstein, 1892
- Gymnostomus - Heckel, 1843
- Hainania - Koller, 1927
- Hampala - Kuhl and van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823
- Hemibarbus - Bleeker, 1860
- Hemiculter - Bleeker, 1860
- Hemiculterella - Warpachowski, 1887
- Hemigrammocapoeta - Pellegrin, 1927
- Hemigrammocypris - Fowler, 1910
- Henicorhynchus - Smith, 1945
- Herzensteinia - Chu, 1935
- Horadandia - Deraniyagala, 1943
- Horalabiosa - Silas, 1954
- Huigobio - Fang, 1938
- Hypophthalmichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Hypselobarbus - Bleeker, 1860
- Hypsibarbus - Rainboth, 1996
- Inlecypris - Howes, 1980
- Iranocypris - Bruun and Kaiser, 1944
- Ischikauia - Jordan and Snyder, 1900
- Kalimantania - Banarescu, 1980
- Kosswigobarbus - Karaman, 1971
- Labeo - Cuvier, 1816
- Labeobarbus - R ppell, 1835
- Labiobarbus - van Hasselt, 1823
- Ladislavia - Dybowski, 1869
- Laocypris - Kottelat, 2000
- Lepidopygopsis - Raj, 1941
- Leptobarbus - Bleeker, 1860
- Leptocypris - Boulenger, 1900
- Linichthys - Zhang and Fang, 2005
- Lissochilus - Weber and de Beaufort, 1916
- Lobocheilos - Bleeker, 1853
- Longiculter - Fowler, 1937
- Luciobrama - Bleeker, 1870
- Luciocyprinus - Vaillant, 1904
- Luciosoma - Bleeker, 1855
- Macrochirichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Megalobrama - Dybowski, 1872
- Mekongina - Fowler, 1937
- Mesobola - Howes, 1984
- Mesogobio - Banarescu and Nalbant, 1973
- Mesopotamichthys - Karaman, 1971
- Metzia - Jordan and Thompson, 1914
- Microphysogobio - Mori, 1934
- Microrasbora - Annandale, 1918
- Mylopharyngodon - Peters, 1881
- Mystacoleucus - G nther, 1868
- Naziritor - Mirza and Javed, 1985
- Nematabramis - Boulenger, 1894
- Neobarynotus - Banarescu, 1980
- Neobola - Vinciguerra, 1895
- Neolissochilus - Rainboth, 1985
- Nicholsicypris - Chu, 1935
- Ochetobius - G nther, 1868
- Onychostoma - G nther, 1896
- Opsaridium - Peters, 1854
- Opsariichthys - Bleeker, 1863
- Opsarius - McClelland, 1839
- Oreichthys - Smith, 1933
- Osteobrama - Heckel, 1843
- Osteochilichthys - Hora, 1942
- Osteochilus - G nther, 1868
- Oxygaster - van Hasselt, 1823
- Oxygymnocypris - Tsao, 1964
- Parabramis - Bleeker, 1865
- Paracanthobrama - Bleeker, 1865
- Parachela - Steindachner, 1881
- Paracrossochilus - Popta, 1904
- Paralaubuca - Bleeker, 1865
- Paraleucogobio - Berg, 1907
- Parapsilorhynchus - Hora, 1921
- Parasikukia - Doi, 2000
- Parasinilabeo - Wu, 1939
- Paraspinibarbus - Chu and Kottelat, 1989
- Parasqualidus - Doi, 2000
- Parazacco - Chen, 1982
- Pectenocypris - Kottelat, 1982
- Percocypris - Chu, 1935
- Phreatichthys - Vinciguerra, 1924
- Placocheilus - Wu in Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen and He, 1977
- Plagiognathops - Berg, 1907
- Platypharodon - Herzenstein, 1891
- Platysmacheilus - Lu, Luo and Chen, 1977
- Pogobrama - Luo, 1995
- Poropuntius - Smith, 1931
- Probarbus - Sauvage, 1880
- Procypris - Lin, 1933
- Prolabeo - Norman, 1932
- Prolabeops - Schultz, 1941
- Pseudobarbus - Smith, 1841
- Pseudobrama - Bleeker, 1870
- Pseudogobio - Bleeker, 1860
- Pseudohemiculter - Nichols and Pope, 1927
- Pseudolaubuca - Bleeker, 1865
- Pseudopungtungia - Mori, 1935
- Pseudorasbora - Bleeker, 1860
- Ptychidio - Myers, 1930
- Ptychobarbus - Steindachner, 1866
- Pungtungia - Herzenstein, 1892
- Puntioplites - Smith, 1929
- Puntius - Hamilton, 1822
- Qianlabeo - Zhang and Chen, 2004
- Raiamas - Jordan, 1919
- Rasbora - Bleeker, 1859
- Rasborichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Rasborinus - Oshima, 1920
- Rastrineobola - Fowler, 1936
- Rectoris - Lin, 1935
- Rhinogobio - Bleeker, 1870
- Rhodeus - Agassiz, 1832
- Rohtee - Sykes, 1839
- Rohteichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Romanogobio - Banarescu, 1961
- Rostrogobio - Taranetz, 1937
- Salmostoma - Swainson, 1839
- Sanagia - Holly, 1926
- Sarcocheilichthys - Bleeker, 1860[638909
- Saurogobio - Bleeker, 1870[687617
- Sawbwa - Annandale, 1918
- Scaphiodonichthys - Vinciguerra, 1890
- Scaphognathops - Smith, 1945
- Schismatorhynchos - Bleeker, 1855
- Schizocypris - Regan, 1914
- Schizopyge - Heckel, 1847
- Schizopygopsis - Steindachner, 1866
- Schizothorax - Heckel, 1838
- Securicula - G nther, 1868
- Semilabeo - Peters, 1881
- Semiplotus - Bleeker, 1860
- Sikukia - Smith, 1931
- Sinibrama - Wu, 1939
- Sinilabeo - Rendahl, 1932
- Sinocrossocheilus - Wu in Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen and He, 1977
- Sinocyclocheilus - Fang, 1936
- Spinibarbus - Oshima, 1919
- Squalidus - Dybowski, 1872
- Squaliobarbus - G nther, 1868
- Sundadanio - Kottelat and Witte, 1999
- Tanakia - Jordan and Thompson, 1914
- Tanichthys - Lin, 1932
- Thryssocypris - Roberts and Kottelat, 1984
- Thynnichthys - Bleeker, 1860
- Tinca - Cuvier, 1816
- Tor - Gray, 1834
- Toxabramis - G nther, 1873
- Trigonostigma - Kottelat and Witte, 1999
- Troglocyclocheilus - Kottelat and Br hier, 1999
- Typhlobarbus - Chu and Chen, 1982
- Typhlogarra - Trewavas, 1955
- Varicorhinus - R ppell, 1835
- Xenobarbus - Norman, 1923
- Xenocyprioides - Chen, 1982
- Xenocypris - G nther, 1868
- Xenophysogobio - Chen and Cao, 1977
- Yaoshanicus - Lin, 1931
- Zacco - Jordan and Evermann, 1902
Filogen
Çeşitliliğe sahip geniş familyalarda taksonomi ve filogen her yeni bilgi ile alternatif sınıflandırma oluşturabiliyor. Örneğin:[8]
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Altfamilya Probarbinae
Altfamilya Labeoninae
- Oymak Parapsilorhynchini
- Diplocheilichthys
- Neorohita
- Parapsilorhynchus
- Longanalus
- Protolabeo
- Sinilabeo
- Oymak Labeonini
- Bangana
- Cirrhinus
- Decourus[9]
- Gymnostomus
- Incisilabeo
- Labeo
- Speolabeo
- Schismatorhynchos
- Oymak Garrini
- Garra
- Paracrossocheilus
- Tariqilabeo
- Osteochilus klad
- Semilabeo klad
- Ageneiogarra
- Altigena[9]
- Cophecheilus
- Discogobio
- Hongshuia
- Linichthys
- Mekongina
- Paraqianlabeo[10]
- Parasinilabeo
- Placocheilus
- Prolixicheilus
- Pseudocrossocheilus
- Pseudogyrinocheilus
- Ptychidio
- Qianlabeo
- Rectoris
- Semilabeo
- Sinigarra[11]
- Sinocrossocheilus
- Stenorynchoacrum[12]
Altfamilya Torinae
- Acapoeta
- Arabibarbus[13]
- Barbopsis
- Carasobarbus
- Hypselobarbus
- Labeobarbus
- Lepidopygopsis
- Mesopotamichthys
- Naziritor
- Neolissochilus
- Osteochilichthys
- Pterocapoeta
- Sanagia
- Tor
- Pterocapoeta
Altfamilya Smiliogastrinae
- Barbodes
- Barboides
- Caecobarbus
- Chagunius
- Clypeobarbus
- Coptostomabarbus
- Dawkinsia[14]
- Desmopuntius[15]
- Eechathalakenda
- Enteromius
- Haludaria[16]
- Hampala
- Oliotius[15]
- Oreichthys
- Osteobrama
- Pethia[14]
- Prolabeo
- Prolabeops
- Pseudobarbus
- Puntigrus[15]
- Puntius
- Rohtee
- Sahyadria
- Striuntius[15]
- Systomus
- Xenobarbus
Altfamilya Cyprininae (Barbinae dahil)
- Oymak Cyprinini
- Aaptosyax
- Carassioides
- Carassius
- Cyprinus
- Luciocyprinus
- Paraspinibarbus
- Parator
- Procypris
- Pseudosinocyclocheilus
- Sinibarbus
- Sinocyclocheilus
- Typhlobarbus
- Oymak Rohteichthyini
- Oymak Acrossocheilini
- Acrossocheilus
- Folifer
- Onychostoma
- Oymak Spinibarbini
- Spinibarbus
- Spinibarbichthys
- Oymak Schizothoracini
- Oymak Schizopygopsini
- Oymak Barbini
- Aulopyge
- Barbus
- †Hsianwenia[17]
- Caecocypris
- Capoeta
- Cyprinion
- Kantaka
- Luciobarbus
- Scaphiodonichthys
- Schizocypris
- Semiplotus
Altfamilya Danioninae
- Oymak Paedocypridini
- Paedocypris
- Oymak Sundadanionini
- Fangfangia[18]
- Sundadanio
- Oymak Rasborini
- Amblypharyngodon
- Boraras
- Brevibora
- Horadandia
- Kottelatia
- Pectenocypris
- Rasbora
- Rasboroides
- Rasbosoma
- Trigonopoma
- Trigonostigma
- Oymak Danionini
- Betadevario
- Brachydanio
- Celestichthys
- Chela
- Danio
- Danionella
- Devario
- Inlecypris
- Laubuka
- Microdevario
- Microrasbora
- Oymak Chedrini
Altfamilya Leptobarbinae
Altfamilya Xenocypridinae (Cultrinae & Squaliobarbinae dahil)
- Oymak Squaliobarbini
- Oymak Opsariichthyini
- Candidia
- Nipponocypris
- Opsariichthys
- Parazacco
- Xenocyprioides
- Oymak Oxygastrini
- Oymak Hypophthalmichthyini
- Oymak Xenocypridini
- Altoymak Xenocypridina
- Altoymak Cultrina
- Hemiculter klad
Altfamilya Tincinae
Altfamilya Acheilognathinae
- ?Acanthorhodeus
- Acheilognathus
- Paratanakia
- Pseudorhodeus
- Rhodeus
- Tanakia
Altfamilya Gobioninae
- Hemibarbus-Squalidus klad
- Oymak Gobionini[19]
- Altoymak Gobiobotiina
- Altoymak Gobionina
- Altoymak Armatogobionina
- Oymak Sarcocheilichthyini
Altfamilya Tanichthyinae
Altfamilya Leuciscinae (Alburninae dahil)
- Oymak Phoxinini
- Oymak Laviniini
- Altoymak Chrosomina
- Altoymak Laviniina
- Oymak Leuciscini
- Pachychilon klad
- Alburnoides klad
- Primitive Leuciscine klad
- Altoymak Leuciscina
- Altoymak Abramina
- Altoymak Chondrostomina
- Oymak Plagiopterini
- Oymak Pogonichthyini
- Altoymak Pogonichthyina
- Altoymak Exoglossina
- Altoymak Campostomina
- Altoymak Hybognathina
- Agosia
- Alburnops
- Algansea
- ?Aztecula
- ?Ballerus
- ?Blicca
- Codoma
- Cyprinella
- Dionda
- ?Ericymba
- Erimonax
- Erimystax
- †Evarra
- Graodus
- Hudsonius
- Hybognathus
- Hybopsis
- ?Iberocypris
- ?Ladigesocypris
- Luxilus
- Lythrurus
- Macrhybopsis
- Miniellus
- ?Moapa
- Notropis
- Opsopoeodus
- Phenacobius
- Pimephales
- Platygobio
- Pteronotropis
- ?Snyderichthys
- Tampichthys
- ?Tribolodon
- ?Yuriria
- Acanthalburnus
- Acrocheilus
- Ancherythroculter
- Anchicyclocheilus
- Gibelion
- Cultrichthys
- Discocheilus
- Discolabeo
- Hemiculterella
- Herzensteinia
- Horalabiosa
- Megarasbora
- Neobarynotus
- Paracrossochilus
- Phreatichthys
- Placogobio
- Scardinius
- Tropidophoxinellus
- Typhlogarra
- Zacco
Galeri
- Catlocarpio siamensis
- Epalzeorhynchos frenatum
- Acheilognathus longipinnis: Acheilognathinae
- Danio kerri: Danioninae
- Pseudogobio esocinus, Gobioninae
- Hypophthalmichthys molitrix: Xenocyprinae, alternatif olarak Hypophthalmichthyinae
- Labeo rohita, tartışmalı olan Labeoninae
- Tinca tincanın familyaya bağlantısı tam net olmadığından bazı durumlarda kendi altfamilyasında yer alır.
- Trigonostigma somphongsi
- Mylopharyngodon piceus: Squaliobarbinae
- Hemigrammocypris rasborella
- Hemitremia flammea
- Ide, Leuciscus idus
- Notropis hypselopterus
- Rhynchocypris oxycephalus
-
- Trigonostigma somphongsi
- Mylopharyngodon piceus
- Hemigrammocypris rasborella
- Hemitremia flammea
- Ide, Leuciscus idus
- Notropis hypselopterus
- Rhynchocypris oxycephalus
-
Dış bağlantılar
Wikimedia Commons'ta Sazangiller ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur.
Vikitür'de Sazangiller ile ilgili ayrıntılı taksonomik bilgiler bulunur.
Kaynakça
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th bas.). Wiley. ss. 181–186. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer, ve Daniel Pauly, vd. (2015). FishBase'de "Cyprinidae". sürüm: July 2015.
- ^ a b Eschmeyer, W.N.; Fong, J.D. (2015). "Species by family/subfamily". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Science. 7 Şubat 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Temmuz 2015.
- ^ "Fishbase-Catlocarpio-siamensis". 5 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
- ^ Nelson, Joseph (2006). Fishes of the World. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
- ^ Froese, Rainer ve Pauly, Daniel, vd. (2015). FishBase'de "Catlocarpio siamensis". sürüm: March 2015.
- ^ "ITIS". 30 Ekim 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Kasım 2023.
- ^ Betancur-Rodriguez, Ricardo; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; Arturo Acero; Nicolas Bailly; Masaki Miya; Guillaume Lecointre; Guillermo Ortí (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology (4 bas.). 17 (162): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477 $2. PMID 28683774.
- ^ a b Zheng, Lan‐Ping; Chen, Xiao‐Yong; Yang, Jun‐Xing (2019). "Molecular phylogeny and systematic revision of Bangana sensu lato (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 57 (4): 884-891. doi:10.1111/jzs.12294.
- ^ Kaynak hatası: Geçersiz
<ref>
etiketi;researchgate.net
isimli refler için metin sağlanmadı (Bkz: Kaynak gösterme) - ^ Zhang, E; Zhou, W (2012). "Sinigarra napoense, a new genus and species of labeonin fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Guangxi Province, South China" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3586: 17-25. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3586.1.4. 19 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 27 Ocak 2022.
- ^ Kaynak hatası: Geçersiz
<ref>
etiketi;Stenorynchoacrum xijiangensis
isimli refler için metin sağlanmadı (Bkz: Kaynak gösterme) - ^ Kaynak hatası: Geçersiz
<ref>
etiketi;A new genus and species of cyprinid
isimli refler için metin sağlanmadı (Bkz: Kaynak gösterme) - ^ a b Pethiyagoda, R.; Meegaskumbura, M.; Maduwage, K. (2012). "A synopsis of the South Asian fishes referred to Puntius (Pisces: Cyprinidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 23 (1): 69-95. ISSN 0936-9902.
- ^ a b c d Kottelat, M. (2013). "The Fishes of the Inland Waters of Southeast Asia: A Catalogue and Core Bibliography of the Fishes Known to Occur in Freshwaters, Mangroves and Estuaries" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (Supplement No. 27): 1-663. 2 Aralık 2013 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi.
- ^ Pethiyagoda, R (2013). "Haludaria, a replacement generic name for Dravidia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3646 (2): 199. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3646.2.9. PMID 26213759. 19 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 27 Ocak 2022.
- ^ Chang, Meemann (2008). "Extraordinarily thick-boned fish linked to the aridification of the Qaidam Basin (northern Tibetan Plateau)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (36): 13246-13251. doi:10.1073/pnas.0805982105
. PMC 2533176 $2. PMID 18757732.
- ^ Kaynak hatası: Geçersiz
<ref>
etiketi;Fangfangia spinicleithralis, a
isimli refler için metin sağlanmadı (Bkz: Kaynak gösterme) - ^ Yang J, He S, Freyhof J, Witte K, Liu H (2006). "The phylogenetic relationships of the Gobioninae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences". Hydrobiologia. 553: 255-66. doi:10.1007/s10750-005-1301-3.
- ^ a b Bianco, P.G.; Ketmaier, V. (2014). "A revision of the Rutilus complex from Mediterranean Europe with description of a new genus, Sarmarutilus, and a new species, Rutilus stoumboudae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3841 (3): 379-402. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3841.3.4. PMID 25082046. 24 Aralık 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 27 Ocak 2022.