Generalized inverse Gaussian distribution
Probability density function ![]() | |||
Parameters | a > 0, b > 0, p real | ||
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Support | x > 0 | ||
Mean | | ||
Mode | |||
Variance | |||
MGF | |||
CF |
In probability theory and statistics, the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution (GIG) is a three-parameter family of continuous probability distributions with probability density function
where Kp is a modified Bessel function of the second kind, a > 0, b > 0 and p a real parameter. It is used extensively in geostatistics, statistical linguistics, finance, etc. This distribution was first proposed by Étienne Halphen.[1][2][3] It was rediscovered and popularised by Ole Barndorff-Nielsen, who called it the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution. Its statistical properties are discussed in Bent Jørgensen's lecture notes.[4]
Properties
Alternative parametrization
By setting and , we can alternatively express the GIG distribution as
where is the concentration parameter while is the scaling parameter.
Summation
Barndorff-Nielsen and Halgreen proved that the GIG distribution is infinitely divisible.[5]
Entropy
The entropy of the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution is given as[citation needed]
where is a derivative of the modified Bessel function of the second kind with respect to the order evaluated at
Characteristic Function
The characteristic of a random variable is given as(for a derivation of the characteristic function, see supplementary materials of [6] )
for where denotes the imaginary number.
Related distributions
Special cases
The inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions are special cases of the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution for p = −1/2 and b = 0, respectively.[7] Specifically, an inverse Gaussian distribution of the form
is a GIG with , , and . A Gamma distribution of the form
is a GIG with , , and .
Other special cases include the inverse-gamma distribution, for a = 0.[7]
Conjugate prior for Gaussian
The GIG distribution is conjugate to the normal distribution when serving as the mixing distribution in a normal variance-mean mixture.[8][9] Let the prior distribution for some hidden variable, say , be GIG:
and let there be observed data points, , with normal likelihood function, conditioned on
where is the normal distribution, with mean and variance . Then the posterior for , given the data is also GIG:
where .[note 1]
Sichel distribution
The Sichel distribution[10][11] results when the GIG is used as the mixing distribution for the Poisson parameter .
Notes
- ^ Due to the conjugacy, these details can be derived without solving integrals, by noting that
- .
References
- ^ Seshadri, V. (1997). "Halphen's laws". In Kotz, S.; Read, C. B.; Banks, D. L. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, Update Volume 1. New York: Wiley. pp. 302–306.
- ^ Perreault, L.; Bobée, B.; Rasmussen, P. F. (1999). "Halphen Distribution System. I: Mathematical and Statistical Properties". Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 4 (3): 189. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:3(189).
- ^ Étienne Halphen was the grandson of the mathematician Georges Henri Halphen.
- ^ Jørgensen, Bent (1982). Statistical Properties of the Generalized Inverse Gaussian Distribution. Lecture Notes in Statistics. Vol. 9. New York–Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-90665-7. MR 0648107.
- ^ O. Barndorff-Nielsen and Christian Halgreen, Infinite Divisibility of the Hyperbolic and Generalized Inverse Gaussian Distributions, Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und verwandte Gebiete 1977
- ^ Pal, Subhadip; Gaskins, Jeremy (23 May 2022). "Modified Pólya-Gamma data augmentation for Bayesian analysis of directional data". Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation. 92 (16): 3430–3451. doi:10.1080/00949655.2022.2067853. ISSN 0094-9655. S2CID 249022546.
- ^ a b Johnson, Norman L.; Kotz, Samuel; Balakrishnan, N. (1994), Continuous univariate distributions. Vol. 1, Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics: Applied Probability and Statistics (2nd ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 284–285, ISBN 978-0-471-58495-7, MR 1299979
- ^ Dimitris Karlis, "An EM type algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation of the normal–inverse Gaussian distribution", Statistics & Probability Letters 57 (2002) 43–52.
- ^ Barndorf-Nielsen, O.E., 1997. Normal Inverse Gaussian Distributions and stochastic volatility modelling. Scand. J. Statist. 24, 1–13.
- ^ Sichel, Herbert S, 1975. "On a distribution law for word frequencies." Journal of the American Statistical Association 70.351a: 542-547.
- ^ Stein, Gillian Z., Walter Zucchini, and June M. Juritz, 1987. "Parameter estimation for the Sichel distribution and its multivariate extension." Journal of the American Statistical Association 82.399: 938-944.
See also
- v
- t
- e
univariate
with finite support | |
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with infinite support |
univariate
univariate
continuous- discrete |
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(joint)
- Discrete:
- Ewens
- Multinomial
- Continuous:
- Dirichlet
- Multivariate Laplace
- Multivariate normal
- Multivariate stable
- Multivariate t
- Normal-gamma
- Matrix-valued:
- LKJ
- Matrix normal
- Matrix t
- Matrix gamma
- Wishart
- Univariate (circular) directional
- Circular uniform
- Univariate von Mises
- Wrapped normal
- Wrapped Cauchy
- Wrapped exponential
- Wrapped asymmetric Laplace
- Wrapped Lévy
- Bivariate (spherical)
- Kent
- Bivariate (toroidal)
- Bivariate von Mises
- Multivariate
- von Mises–Fisher
- Bingham
and singular
- Degenerate
- Dirac delta function
- Singular
- Cantor
Category
Commons