Iparretarrak
Iparretarrak (meaning "the Northerners" in Basque), commonly known as IK, was a Basque nationalist paramilitary organization operating in the Northern Basque Country, founded in 1973 by Philippe Bidart and other Basque activists. To date, 1982 remains as their most active year, with 32 attacks; despite having mostly targeted tourist developments, it has also assassinated a number of French police personnel. In 1984, they attacked the Biarritz airport before the arrival of the French president François Mitterrand, who was accused by IK of "not respecting the Basque culture and national rights".
Despite sharing the same goals and methods, it held an uneasy relation with ETA, a more powerful organization based in the Southern Basque Country, mostly because ETA has used Iparralde as a hideout and did not want to provoke the French Government in this regard.
In 1998 it declared a unilateral truce, which broke when in 2000 it attacked a police station in Lecumberry and a tourism site in Bayonne. To date, it has not claimed any more actions, but another group, Irrintzi (probably numbering no more than one cell), followed IK's path in the French Basque Country by starting an on-off campaign against tourist targets.
In 2007 the leader and founder of IK Philippe Bidart was set free after serving prison since 1988.
IK members Killed in Action (KIA)
- Txomin Olhagarai (1980)
- Ramuntxo Arruiz (1980)
- Didier Laffite (1984)
- Maddi Hegi (1987)
- Cristophe Isteke (1987)
- Jean Louis Larre, Popo (disappeared since 1983)
See also
- Politics of France
- Terrorism
Bibliography
- Iparretarrak Histoire d'une organisation politique armée, Eneko Bidegain, 2007, Gatuzain, ISBN 978-2-913842-55-7.
External links
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- IK's declaration of 1997 (in French)
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State security forces |
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- Burgos trials (1970)
- Assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco (1973) (ETA)
- Cafetería Rolando bombing (1974) (ETA)
- Assassination of Juan María de Araluce Villar (1976) (ETA)
- Assassination of Augusto Unceta Barrenechea (1977) (ETA)
- 1978 Getxo attack (1978) (ETA)
- Assassination of Argala (1978) (BVE)
- July 1979 Madrid bombings (1979) (ETA)
- Alonsotegi bombing (1980) (GAE)
- Ispaster attack (1980) (ETA)
- 1980 Orio ambush (1980) (ETA)
- Markina attack (1980) (ETA)
- Zarautz attack (1980) (ETA)
- Rentería ambush (1982) (ETA)
- Killing of Lasa and Zabala (1983) (GAL)
- Assassination of Santiago Brouard (1984) (GAL)
- Monbar Hotel attack (1985) (GAL)
- Plaza República Dominicana bombing (1986) (ETA)
- Hipercor bombing (1987) (ETA)
- Dissolution of GAL (1987)
- Zaragoza barracks bombing (1987) (ETA)
- ETA Netherlands attacks (1989–1990) (ETA)
- Sabadell bombing (1990) (ETA)
- Vic bombing (1991) (ETA)
- Mutxamel bombing (1991) (ETA)
- 1992 Madrid bombing (1992) (ETA)
- 1993 Madrid bombings (1993) (ETA)
- Vallecas bombing (1995) (ETA)
- Assassination of Miguel Ángel Blanco (1997) (ETA)
- 2000 Madrid bombing (2000) (ETA)
- 2001 Madrid bombing (2001) (ETA)
- Madrid–Barajas Airport bombing (2006) (ETA)
- 2008 Getxo bombing (2008) (ETA)
- Burgos bombing (2009) (ETA)
- Palma Nova bombing (2009) (ETA)
- 2010 ETA ceasefire (2010)
- ETA ends armed activity (2011)
Basque nationalist parties |
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Spanish unionist parties |
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- Basque nationalism
- History of the Basques
- History of Spain
- History of France
- Politics of the Basque Country
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