Harivarman I
Harivarman I | |||||
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Raja-di-raja Śrī Campāpura Parameçvara (Protector of Champa) | |||||
King of Champa | |||||
Reign | 802-817 | ||||
Coronation | 803 | ||||
Predecessor | Indravarman I | ||||
Successor | Vikrantavarman III | ||||
Born | ? Champa | ||||
Died | ? Kauthara | ||||
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Harivarman I was the king of Champa from around 802 to 817.[1] During the period from 758 to 859 AD, mandala Champa was collectively called as Huánwáng by the Chinese, which obviously was not the proper name of Champa.
Harivarman was the brother-in-law of king Indravarman I (r. 787–801), a pacifist king. He came to power in 802. From 813 to 817, he and the military commanders Senäpati Panroe and Senäpati Pamr constructed the temple of Po Nagar in Nha Trang, three kalan at Hòa Lai (Thuận Bắc, Ninh Thuận), near Phan Rang (Panrang), former Pāṇḍuraṅga. These three towers were built entirely by reddish bricks, having been abandoned for a long time and are still in good preserving conditions. This Cham realistic architecture school is dubbed as "Hòa Lai style", and the remains at Pô Dam (Tuy Phong, Bình Thuận), Mỹ Sơn A'1, A'2 and F3 also belong to this style. Under Harivarman, the first Cham script inscriptions were engraved, gradually replacing Sanskrit.
Unlike the predecessor, Harivarman was a war-like hawkish king.[2] In 803, northern Cham principality of Huánwáng (Quảng Bình & Quảng Trị), being incited by the king of kings, made a war provocation against Tang Empire's province of Annan (Northern Vietnam). Champa by the time of 700s AD had been split into several small domains, and its political structure was functioning like a confederation, or network, of smaller kingdoms (mandala).
Huanwang seized two counties of Annan. In 809, Chinese governor of Annan, Zhang Zhou, counterattacked Huanwang and recovered lost counties. The Huanwang army was badly defeated: 30,000 prisoners of war, Cham king's son and 59 of his officials were taken.[3] However Harivarman declared his victory over the Chinese: 'his strong arm was the sun that expelled the darkness which was the Cinas'.[4] The king also ordered Senäpati Pamr to invade Cambodia, who also claimed his campaign result as victorious.[5]
Harivarman made his son Vikrantavarman III (r. 817–?) in charge of governing Pāṇḍuraṅga independently in 813. Pāṇḍuraṅga then became a feudatory of mandala Champa. When Harivarman died in 817, Vikrantavarman III ascended to the throne of Champa.[6]
References
- ^ Coedès 1975, p. 103.
- ^ Lafont 2007, p. 147.
- ^ Taylor 1983, p. 179.
- ^ Vickery, Michael Theodore (2005). Champa revised. Asia Research Institute, Singapore.
- ^ Coedès 1975, p. 104.
- ^ Lafont 2007, p. 148.
Bibliography
- Coedès, George (1975), Vella, Walter F. (ed.), The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-824-80368-1
- Lafont, Pierre-Bernard (2007), Le Campā: Géographie, population, histoire, Indes savantes, ISBN 978-2-84654-162-6
- Taylor, Keith Weller (1983), The Birth of the Vietnam, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-52007-417-0
Preceded by Indravarman I 787–801 | King of Champa 802–817 | Succeeded by Vikrantavarman III 817–854? |
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Lâm Ấp
192-605
Xitu
- Khu Liên
- Phạm Hùng
- Phạm Dật
- Phạm Văn
- Phạm Phật
- Bhadravarman I (Phạm Hồ Đạt)
- Gangaraja (Phạm Địch Chớn)
- Manorathavarman
- Gangarajavarman II (Phạm Địch Văn)
- Phạm Dương Mại I
- Phạm Dương Mại II
- Phạm Thần Thành
- Phạm Đang Căng Thuần
- Phạm Chư Nông
- Phạm Văn Tẩn
- Devavarman (Phạm Thiên Khởi)
- Vijayavarman
- Rudravarman I
Chiêm Thành
875–1471
- Jaya Sambhuvarman
- Kandarpadharma (Fan Touli)
- Prabhasadharma (Fan Zhenlong)
- Bhadresvaravarman
- Daughter of Kandarpadharma (female)
- Vikrantavarman I
- Naravahanavarman
- Vikrantavarman II
- Rudravarman II
- Prithindravarman
- Satyavarman
- Indravarman I
- Harivarman I
- Vikrantavarman III
- Indravarman II
- Jaya Simhavarman I
- Saktivarman
- Bhadravarman II
- Indravarman III
- Jaya Indravarman I
- Paramesvaravarman I
- Indravarman IV
- Lieou Ki-Tsong (Lưu Kế Tông)
- Harivarman II
- Yang Bo Zhan
- Sri Vijayavarman (Yang Pu Ku Vijaya)
- Harivarman III
- Paramesvaravarman II
- Vikrantavarman IV
- Jaya Sinhavarman II
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman I
- Bhadravarman III
- Rudravarman III
- Harivarman IV
- Jaya Indravarman II
- Paramabhodhisatva
- Harivarman V
- Jaya Indravarman III
- Rudravarman IV
- Jaya Harivarman I
- Jaya Harivarman II
- Jaya Indravarman IV
- Suryajayavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Suryavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Jaya Indravarman V (Khmer vassal)
- Khmer occupation
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman II
- Jaya Indravarman VI
- Indravarman V
- Jaya Sinhavarman III (Chế Mân)
- Jaya Sinhavarman IV (Chế Chí)
- Chế Năng
- Jaya Ananda (Chế A Nan)
- Maha Sawa (Trà Hòa Bố Để)
- Po Binasuor (Chế Bồng Nga)
- Jaya Simhavarman V (La Ngai)
- Indravarman VI (Ba Đích Lại)
- Virabhadravarman
- Maha Kali (Ma Kha Quý Lai)
- Maha Vijaya (Ma Kha Bí Cai)
- Maha Kaya (Ma Kha Quý Do)
- Maha Saya (Bàn La Trà Duyệt)
- Maha Sajan (Bàn La Trà Toàn)
- Maha Sajai (Bàn La Trà Toại)
Principality of Thuận Thành
1471–1835
- Bố Trì Trì
- Zhai Ya Ma Wu An
- Gu Lai
- Sha Gu Bu Luo
- Sha Ri Di Zhai
- Po Kabih
- Po Karut Drak
- Po Maha Sarak
- Po Kunarai
- Po At
- Po Klaong Halau
- Po Nit
- Po Jai Paran
- Po Aih Khang
- Po Klaong Mah Nai
- Po Rome
- Po Nraup (Bà Tấm)
- Po Saktiraydapaghoh
- Po Jatamah
- Po Saut (Bà Tranh)
- Vietnamese occupation
- Po Saktiraydapatih (Kế Bà Tử)
- Po Ganuhpatih
- Po Thuntiraidaputih
- Po Rattiraydaputao
- Po Tisundimahrai
- Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh
- Po Tisuntiraidapuran (Nguyễn Văn Tá)
- Po Thong Khang
- Po Krei Brei (Nguyễn Văn Chiêu)
- Po Ladhuanpuguh (Nguyễn Văn Hào)
- Po Saong Nyung Ceng (Nguyễn Văn Chấn)
- Po Bait Lan
- Po Klan Thu (Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh)
- Po Phaok The (Nguyễn Văn Thừa)
- Po War Palei (La Bôn Vương)