List of mammals of Bosnia and Herzegovina
There are 59 mammal species in Bosnia and Herzegovina, of which one is endangered, eight are vulnerable, and two are near threatened.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ab_sciurus_vulgaris.jpg/220px-Ab_sciurus_vulgaris.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Apodemus.flavicollis.jpg/220px-Apodemus.flavicollis.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Micromysminutus1.jpg/220px-Micromysminutus1.jpg)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Sciurus
- Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris LC
- Genus: Sciurus
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Marmota
- Alpine marmot, Marmota marmota LR/lc
- Genus: Marmota
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LR/nt
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus VU
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius LR/nt
- Genus: Dryomys
- Subfamily: Glirinae
- Genus: Glis
- European edible dormouse Glis glis LR/nt
- Genus: Glis
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Spalacidae
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Genus: Nannospalax
- Lesser mole rat, Nannospalax leucodon VU
- Genus: Nannospalax
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- Water vole, Arvicola terrestris LR/lc
- Genus: Chionomys
- Snow vole, Chionomys nivalis LR/nt
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LR/lc
- Genus: Cricetus
- European hamster, C. cricetus CR presence uncertain
- Genus: Dinaromys
- Balkan snow vole, Dinaromys bogdanovi LR/nt
- Genus: Microtus
- Field vole, Microtus agrestis LR/lc
- Common vole, Microtus arvalis LR/lc
- European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LR/lc
- Thomas's pine vole, Microtus thomasi LR/nt
- Genus: Arvicola
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LR/lc
- Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LR/lc
- Broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus mystacinus LR/lc
- Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
- Genus: Micromys
- Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LR/nt
- Genus: Mus
- Steppe mouse, Mus spicilegus LR/nt
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- Genus: Castor
- Eurasian beaver, C. fiber LC[2]
- Genus: Castor
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Running_hare.jpg/220px-Running_hare.jpg)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- European hare, L. europaeus LC[3]
- Genus: Lepus
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gartenspitzmaus.jpg/220px-Gartenspitzmaus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wasserspitzmaus-drawing.jpg/220px-Wasserspitzmaus-drawing.jpg)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC[4]
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Southern water shrew, N. anomalus LC
- Eurasian water shrew, N. fodiens LC
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Alpine shrew, S. alpinus LC
- Common shrew, S. araneus LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Nyctalus_leisleri.jpg/220px-Nyctalus_leisleri.jpg)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini NT[5]
- Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii VU[6]
- Pond bat, M. dasycneme NT[7]
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC[8]
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT[9]
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT[10]
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC[11]
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC[12]
- Alpine long-eared bat, P. macrobullaris NT[13]
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU[14]
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Blasius's horseshoe bat, R. blasii LC[15]
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale NT[16]
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC[17]
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC[18]
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi VU[19]
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Cetacea (whales)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Rundkopfdelfin.jpg/220px-Rundkopfdelfin.jpg)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, D. delphis LC
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, G. griseus LC
- Genus: Delphinus
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/Eurojackal.jpg/220px-Eurojackal.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ours_brun_parcanimalierpyrenees_1.jpg/220px-Ours_brun_parcanimalierpyrenees_1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ilder.jpg/220px-Ilder.jpg)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Felis
- European wildcat, F. silvestris LC[20]
- Genus: Felis
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Herpestidae
- Genus: Urva
- Small Indian mongoose, U. auropunctata LC[21] introduced
- Genus: Urva
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Canis
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[22]
- European jackal, C. a. moreoticus
- Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[23]
- Eurasian wolf, C. l. lupus
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[22]
- Genus: Vulpes
- Red fox, V. vulpes LC[24]
- Genus: Canis
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[25]
- Eurasian brown bear, U. a. arctos
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[25]
- Genus: Ursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra NT[26]
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, M. foina LC[27]
- Genus: Meles
- European badger, M. meles LC[28]
- Genus: Mustela
- Stoat, M. erminea LC[29]
- Least weasel, M. nivalis LC[30]
- European polecat, M. putorius LC[31]
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Monachus
- Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus EN extirpated[32]
- Genus: Monachus
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/RedDeerCaithness.jpg/220px-RedDeerCaithness.jpg)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Red deer, C. elaphus LC[33]
- Genus: Dama
- European fallow deer, D. dama LC[34]
- Genus: Cervus
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Subfamily: Cervinae
See also
- List of chordate orders
- Lists of mammals by region
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Mammal classification
- List of mammals described in the 2000s
Notes
- ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
- ^ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
- ^ Hacklande, K.; Schai-Braun, S. (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41280A45187424. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41280A45187424.en.
- ^ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
- ^ Paunović, M. (2019). "Myotis bechsteinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T14123A22053752.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Aulagnier, S.; Juste, J.; Karatas, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Myotis capaccinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14126A4399043.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis dasycneme". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14127A22055164.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Alcaldé, J. T.; Juste, J.; Karataş, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunović, M. (2010). "Nyctalus lasiopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14918A4471682.
- ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus auritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85535522A195861341.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Aulagnier, S.; Juste, J.; Karatas, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Plecotus macrobullaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T136229A4262709.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T81633057A19585652.
- ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19515A21972073.
- ^ Juste, J. & Alcaldé, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus euryale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19516A21971185.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
- ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
- ^ Alcaldé, J.; Benda, P. & Juste, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus mehelyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19519A21974380.
- ^ Gerngross, P.; Ambarli, H.; Angelici, F.M.; Anile, S.; Campbell, R.; Ferreras de Andres, P.; Gil-Sanchez, J.M.; Götz, M.; Jerosch, S.; Mengüllüoglu, D.; Monterosso, P. & Zlatanova, D. (2022). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T181049859A181050999. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ^ Jennings, A.; Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70204120A70204139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70204120A70204139.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
- ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
- ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
- ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
- ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
- ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
- ^ Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29673A45203002.
- ^ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
- ^ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
- ^ Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Stubbe, M.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J.D.S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R. & Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41658A45214384.
- ^ Karamanlidis, A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13653A45227543.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T55997072A142404453.
- ^ Masseti, M.; Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T42188A10656554. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T42188A10656554.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
References
- "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Bosnia and Herzegovina". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007. [dead link]
- "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
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