List of mammals of Lithuania
A list of mammals of Lithuania published in 1997 contains 68 species that are present in the country, including 14 bat species, 21 rodents, four shrews, two lagomorphs, one hedgehog, 13 carnivores, five whales and eight ungulates.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Beaver_pho34.jpg/220px-Beaver_pho34.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/D3_Apodemus_Agrarius.jpg)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- Genus: Castor
- Eurasian beaver, C. fiber LC[2]
- Genus: Castor
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse, D. nitedula LC
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus VU
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius LR/nt
- Genus: Dryomys
- Subfamily: Glirinae
- Genus: Glis
- European edible dormouse, Glis glis LR/nt
- Genus: Glis
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- Water vole, Arvicola terrestris LR/lc
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LR/lc
- Genus: Microtus
- Field vole, Microtus agrestis LR/lc
- Common vole, Microtus arvalis LR/lc
- Genus: Arvicola
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LR/lc
- Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LR/lc
- Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
- Genus: Micromys
- Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LR/nt
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lepus_timidus_01.jpg/220px-Lepus_timidus_01.jpg)
The following two lagomorphs are present in the country:[1]
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- European hare, L. europaeus LC[3]
- Mountain hare, L. timidus LC[4]
- Genus: Lepus
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Igel01.jpg/220px-Igel01.jpg)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Southern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor LR/lc
- West European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus LR/lc
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sorex_minutus.jpg/220px-Sorex_minutus.jpg)
The following four shrew species are present in the country:[1]
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Common shrew, S. araneus LC[5]
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC[6]
- Genus: Neomys
- Eurasian water shrew, N. fodiens LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Soricini
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Talpini
- Genus: Talpa
- European mole, T. europaea LC
- Genus: Talpa
- Tribe: Talpini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT[7]
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Lesser noctule, Nyctalus leisleri LR/nt
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
- Genus: Barbastella
Order: Cetacea (whales)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Porpoise_touching.jpg/220px-Porpoise_touching.jpg)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
- Genus: Balaena
- North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis CR or functionally extinct in the eastern Atlantic'[8]
- Genus: Balaena
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN[9][10][11]
- Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC[12]
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC[13][14][15]
- Genus: Megaptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Monodontidae
- Genus: Delphinapterus
- Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas VU[16]
- Genus: Delphinapterus
- Family: Ziphidae
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD[17]
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LR/lc
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD[18]
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD
- Genus: Orcinus
- Orca, Orcinus orca DD[19]
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- Family: Phocoenidae
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Suffolk-stoats.jpg/220px-Suffolk-stoats.jpg)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[20]
- Genus: Lynx
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra NT[23]
- Genus: Martes
- European pine marten, M. martes LC
- Genus: Meles
- European badger, M. meles LC[24]
- Genus: Mustela
- Least weasel, M. nivalis LC[25]
- Stoat, M. erminea LC[26]
- European polecat, M. putorius LC
- Genus: Neogale
- American mink, N. vison LC introduced[27]
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Halichoerus
- Gray seal, Halichoerus grypus LC
- Genus: Halichoerus
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Capreolus_capreolus_2_Jojo.jpg/220px-Capreolus_capreolus_2_Jojo.jpg)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Red deer, C. elaphus LC[29]
- Genus: Dama
- European fallow deer, D. dama LC introduced[30]
- Genus: Cervus
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Bovinae
- Genus: Bison
- European bison, B. bonasus NT reintroduced[1]
- Genus: Bos
- Aurochs, B. primigenius EX[31]
- Genus: Bison
- Subfamily: Bovinae
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
Locally extinct
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
- European mink, Mustela lutreola[1][33]
- Siberian flying squirrel, Pteromys volans[1][34]
- Brown bear, Ursus arctos[1][35]
See also
- List of chordate orders
- Lists of mammals by region
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Mammal classification
- List of mammals described in the 2000s
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Balciauska, L.; Ulevicius, A. & Juskaiti, R. (1997). "Mammals of Lithuania: status and protection". Zeitschrift für Theriophylaxe (Delligsen). 27: 4–8.
- ^ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
- ^ Hacklande, K. & Schai-Braun, S. (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
- ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus timidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T11791A45177198.
- ^ Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Sorex araneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29661A115170489.
- ^ Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Fernandes, M. & Meinig, H. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Sorex minutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29667A115171222.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
- ^ Regional Species Extinctions - Examples of regional species extinctions over the last 1000 years and more. Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Wieder Finnwal in der Ostsee Archived 15 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Finnwal in der Ostsee gesichtet
- ^ Angler filmt Wal in Ostsee-Bucht
- ^ Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) - MarLIN, The Marine Life Information Network
- ^ Wieder Finnwal in der Ostsee Archived 15 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Finnwal in der Ostsee gesichtet
- ^ Angler filmt Wal in Ostsee-Bucht
- ^ About the beluga - Russian Geographical Society
- ^ Rare Sowerby's beaked whale spotted in the Baltic Sea - WDC
- ^ Baltic dolphin sightings confirmed – National
- ^ Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L.; Ford, J.K.B. (2017). "Orcinus orca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15421A50368125. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15421A50368125.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
- ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
- ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
- ^ Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29673A45203002.
- ^ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
- ^ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
- ^ Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Neovison vison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41661A45214988.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T55997072A142404453.
- ^ Masseti, M.; Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T42188A10656554. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T42188A10656554.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Tikhonov, A. (2008). "Bos primigenius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T136721A4332142. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136721A4332142.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
- ^ Maran, T.; Aulagnier, S.; Libois, R.; Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. & Wozencraft, C. (2010). "Mustela lutreola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14018A4381596.
- ^ Shar, S.; Lkhagvasuren, D.; Henttonen, H.; Maran, T. & Hanski, I. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Pteromys volans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T18702A115144995.
- ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
External links
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
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