Abdul Hakim Sialkoti
Mulla Abdul Hakim Sialkoti | |
---|---|
ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی | |
Title | Fazīl Lahorī Aftāb-i-Panjāb |
Personal | |
Born | c. 1580 Sialkot, Punjab, Mughal Empire |
Died | 1656 Sialkot, Punjab, Mughal Empire |
Religion | Islam |
Era | Mughal India |
Denomination | Sunni |
Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
Main interest(s) | Islamic Law, Islamic philosophy, Islamic metaphysics |
Abdul Hakim Sialkoti (Punjabi: ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی, romanized: Mullā ʿAbd al-Ḥakīm Siyālkōtī; c. 1580 – 1656) was a Mughal-era Punjabi Muslim philosopher, theologian, logician and metaphysician.[1]
Biography
Abdul Hakim Sialkoti was born in 988 AH/c. 1580 during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar into a weaver family from Sialkot. He was the son of Shaykh Shams al-Dīn, a religious scholar.[2][3] Abdul Hakim received his early education from his father, and then studied under the renowned religious scholar of his time, Shaykh Kamāl al-Dīn (d. 1017 AH/ 1608), who was also the teacher of another well-known theologian, Ahmad Sirhindi.[1] In his later life, Sialkoti became a disciple of Sirhindi as well.[4]
During the reign of Akbar, Sialkoti taught in Lahore where he came to be known as Fazīl Lahorī.[5] He had two notable class fellows, Ahmad Sirhindi and Nawab Sa'dullah Khan. When Sa'dullah Khan was appointed as vizier of Emperor Shah Jahān, Sialkoti was introduced to the emperor by the former who ordered him to be sent for.[3] He became the most influential scholar in the imperial court, and taught in the imperial madrassa in Delhi.[1] Sialkoti was weighed in gold twice by Shah Jahān.[6] He was the one who introduced the Persian philosopher Mulla Sadra in the Subcontinent, and his fame reached as far as Ottoman Empire already during his lifetime.[7]
Ahmad Sirhindi and Sialkoti were both class fellows. After the completion of their studies, they remained separated till 1022 AH/1613. Later in that year, one of Sialkoti's students remained absent for a few days from the class. Sialkoti got concerned and he sent word for him. The student came back with few pages in his hands and on Sialkoti's curiosity, he told that he read these pages and they caught his attention that he got distracted from his studies. When Sialkoti read the pages, he was also impressed. Ultimately, he figured out that these pages were written by Ahmad Sirhindi himself. Between 1023 AH/1614 and 1024 AH/1615, he went to Sirhind to meet Ahmad and accepted Sirhindi's discipleship. He was the one who gave the title of Mujadid-e-Alf-e-Sani (Reviver of the second millennium) to Ahmad Sirhindi.[7] In return, Ahmad Sirhindi bestowed upon him the title of Aftāb-i-Panjāb (Sun among the scholars of Punjab).[5]
Literary works
Sialkoti was a prolific writer. His most important works include Ḥāshiya-yi sharḥ ḥikmat al-'ayn, Ḥāshiya-yi sharḥ al-'aqā'id of 'Allamah al-Taftāzānī, Ḥāshiya-yi sharḥ al-mawāqif of 'Allamah al-Jurjānī, Ḥāshiya-yi sharifiyyah, Ḥāshiya-yi sharḥ-i shamsiyyah, Durrat al-thamīnah and Risāla al-khāqāniyya.[1][7]
Students
His notable students include Chandar Bhan Brahman, Qāzi Abdur Rahīm Murādabādī, Syed Ismail Bilgrāmī, Shaykh Muhammad Afzal Jaunpurī, Ismatullah Saharanpuri and Moulavī Muhammad Qanuajī.[8] After Abdul Hakim Sialkoti's death in 1656, his son Maulvī Abdullah (d. 1094 AH/1682) became chief scholar of Sialkot, and his madrassa became a centre of learning.[9][10]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Leaman, Oliver (2013). History of Islamic Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 1064–1065. ISBN 978-1-136-78043-1.
- ^ Nisa 1997, pp. 9–10.
- ^ a b Rose 1997, pp. 497–498.
- ^ Bhargava, Meena; Nath, Pratyay (2022). The Early Modern in South Asia: Querying Modernity, Periodization, and History. Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-009-27662-7.
- ^ a b Nisa 1997, pp. 116–117.
- ^ Spooner, Brian; Hanaway, William L. (2012). Literacy in the Persianate World: Writing and the Social Order. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 307. ISBN 978-1-934536-56-8.
- ^ a b c Schimmel, Annemarie (2022). Islam in the Indian Subcontinent. BRILL. pp. 94–96. ISBN 978-90-04-49299-8.
- ^ Nisa 1997, pp. 11–12.
- ^ Casalini, Cristiano; Choi, Edward; Woldegiyorgis, Ayenachew A. (2021). Education beyond Europe: Models and Traditions before Modernities. BRILL. p. 137. ISBN 978-90-04-44147-7.
- ^ Nisa 1997, pp. 134–135.
Sources
- Nisa, Nahim-Un (1997). Moulana Abdul Hakeem Sialkoti (d 1067 A. D.): Life And Works (in Urdu). Agra: Aligarh Muslim University.
- Rose, H. A. (1997). A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-85297-68-2.
- v
- t
- e
- Abu Hanifa (founder of the school; 699–767)
- Abu Yusuf (738–798)
- Ibn al-Mubarak (726–797)
- Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)
- Yahya ibn Ma'in (774–807)
- Waki' ibn al-Jarrah (d. 812)
- Isa ibn Aban (d. 836)
- Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad (777–854)
- Yahya ibn Aktham (d. 857)
- Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi (d. 869)
- Al-Ḫaṣṣāf (d. 874)
- Abu Bakr al-Samarqandi (d. 882)
- Al-Tahawi (843–933)
- Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944)
- Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (b. 874)
- Al-Jassas (917–981)
- Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (944–983)
- Abu al-Husayn al-Basri (d. 1044)
- Karima al-Marwaziyya (969–1069)
- Ali Hujwiri (1009–1072)
- Al-Bazdawi (1010–1089)
- Al-Sarakhsi (d. 1090)
- Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (1030–1100)
- Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 1115)
- Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi
- Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 1139)
- Ibn al-Malāḥimī (d. 1141)
- Yusuf Hamadani (1062–1141)
- Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (1067–1142)
- Al-Zamakhshari (1074–1143)
- Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 1180)
- Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 1184)
- Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 1185)
- Al-Kasani (d. 1191)
- Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 1197)
- Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani (1135–1197)
- Rumi (1207–1273)
- Jalaluddin Tabrizi (d. 1228)
- Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (1173–1235)
- Mu'in al-Din Chishti (1143–1236)
- Baba Farid (1173–1266)
- Abu Tawwama (d. 1300)
- Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 1310)
- Nizamuddin Auliya (1238–1325)
- Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i (d. 1342)
- Shah Jalal Mujarrad (1271–1346)
- Uthman Siraj ad-Din (1258–1357)
- Ala al-Haq (1301–1384)
- Jahaniyan Jahangasht (1308–1384)
- Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 1384)
- Al-Taftazani (1322–1390)
- Ibn Abi al-Izz (1331–1390)
- Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (1350–1410)
- Al-Sharif al-Jurjani (1339–1414)
- Nur Qutb Alam (d. 1416)
- Shams al-Din al-Fanari (1350–1431)
- 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (1377–1438)
- Husam ad-Din Manikpuri (d. 1449)
- Badr al-Din al-Ayni (1361–1451)
- Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (1388–1457)
- Ali Qushji (1403–1474)
- Khidr Bey (b. 1407)
- Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi (1445–1526)
- Ibn Kemal (1468–1536)
- Abdul Quddus Gangohi (1456–1537)
- Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (1460–1549)
- Fahreddin-i Acemi (d. 1460)
- Muhammad Ghawth (1500–1562)
- Nagore Shahul Hamid (1504–1570)
- Mosleh al-Din Lari (1510–1572)
- Muhammad Birgivi (1522–1573)
- Ebussuud Efendi (1490–1574)
- Hamza Makhdoom (1494–1576)
- Wajihuddin Alvi (1490–1580)
- Taşköprülüzade Ahmet (1495–1561)
- Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri (1521–1595)
- Sadeddin Efendi (1536–1599)
- Mustafa Selaniki (d. 1600)
- Ali al-Qari (d. 1606)
- Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)
- Esad Efendi (1570–1625)
- Kadızade Mehmed (1582–1635)
- 'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (1551–1642)
- Mehmed Efendi (1595–1654)
- Kâtip Çelebi (1609–1657)
- Jana Begum
- Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (1569–1659)
- Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)
- Syed Rafi Mohammad (d. 1679)
- Mir Zahid Harawi (d. 1689)
- Syed Inayatullah (d. 1713)
- Shah Abdur Rahim (1644–1719)
- Zinat-un-Nissa Begum (1643–1721)
- Syed Hayatullah (d. 1722)
- Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (1641–1731)
- Syed Mohammad Zaman (d. 1756)
- Hashim Thattvi (1692–1761)
- Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)
- Shah Nuri Bengali (d. 1785)
- Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (1699–1781)
- Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790)
- Sanaullah Panipati (1730–1810)
- Syed Mohammad Rafi (d. 1803)
- Majduddin (d. 1813)
- Çerkes Halil Efendi (d. 1821)
- Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (1743–1824)
- Shah Abdul Aziz (1746–1824)
- Fatima al-Fudayliya (d. 1831)
- Syed Ahmad Barelvi (1786–1831)
- Syed Mir Nisar Ali (1782–1831)
- Ibn Abidin (1784–1836)
- Haji Shariatullah (1781–1840)
- Shah Muhammad Ishaq (1783–1846)
- Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (1789–1851)
- Mahmud al-Alusi (1802–1854)
- Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796–1861)
- Dudu Miyan (1819–1862)
- Karamat Ali Jaunpuri (1800–1873)
- Al-Maydani (1807–1861)
- Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari (1801–1868)
- Mehr Ali Qadiri (1808–1868)
- Yusuf Ma Dexin (1794–1874)
- Naqi Ali Khan (1830–1880)
- Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (1832–1880)
- Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri (1810–1880)
- Yaqub Nanautawi (1833–1884)
- Mazhar Nanautawi (1821–1885)
- Ubaidullah Suhrawardy (1832–1885)
- Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (1848–1886)
- Siddiq Bharchundi (1819–1890)
- Rafiuddin Deobandi (1836–1890)
- Rahmatullah Kairanawi (1818–1891)
- Mustafa Ruhi Efendi (1800–1891)
- Mahmoodullah Hussaini (d. 1894)
- Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (1817–1899)
- Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri (1834–1899)
- Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (1826–1905)
- Abdul Wahid Bengali (1850–1905)
- Syed Ahmadullah Maizbhandari (1826–1906)
- Fazlur Rahman Usmani (1831–1907)
- Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq (1854–1907)
- Muhammad Naimuddin (1832–1907)
- Hassan Raza Khan (1859–1908)
- Sayyid Muhammad Abid (1834–1912)
- Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (1850–1912)
- Kareemullah Shah (1838–1913)
- Shibli Nomani (1857–1914)
- Najib Ali Choudhury (fl. 1870s)
- Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848–1917)
- Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri (1867–1921)
- Azimuddin Hanafi (1838–1922)
- Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi (1859–1927)
- Hamiduddin Farahi (1863–1930)
- Machiliwale Shah (d. 1932)
- Abdur Rab Jaunpuri (1875–1935)
- Meher Ali Shah (1859–1937)
- Ghulamur Rahman Maizbhandari (1865–1937)
- Muhammad Ishaq (1883–1938)
- Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1845–1939)
- Abd Allah Siraj (1876–1949)
- Khwaja Yunus Ali (1886–1951)
- Nesaruddin Ahmad (1873–1952)
- Al-Kawthari (1879–1952)
- Mustafa Sabri (1869–1954)
- Ghousi Shah (1893–1954)
- Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri (1898–1959)
- Abdul Batin Jaunpuri (1900–1973)
- Momtazuddin Ahmad (1889–1974)
- Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974)
- Amimul Ehsan Barkati (1911–1974)
- Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani (1891–1974)
- Abul Wafa Al Afghani (1893–1975)
- Abdul Majid Daryabadi (1892–1977)
- Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979)
- Abdur Rahim Firozpuri (1918–1987)
- Muntakhib al-Haqq (fl. 1980s)
- Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh (1915–1990)
- Ahmed Muhyuddin Nuri Shah Jilani (1915–1990)
- Sayed Moazzem Hossain (1901–1991)
- Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi (1909–1992)
- Ayub Ali (1919–1995)
- Mukhtar Ashraf (1916–1996)
- Abdul Haque Faridi (1903–1996)
- Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi (1917–1997)
- Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda (1917–1997)
- Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997)
- Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani (1920–1997)
- Naeem Siddiqui (1916–2002)
- Abdul Latif Fultali (1913–2008)
- Muhammad Abdullah (1932–2008)
- Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani (1949–2009)
- Saifur Rahman Nizami (b. 1916)
- Ghulam Rasool Jamaati (b. 1923)
- Syed Waheed Ashraf (b. 1933)
- Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani (b. 1935)
- Muhibbullah Babunagari (b. 1935)
- Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri (b. 1935)
- Abdul Qadir Pakistani (b. 1935)
- Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı (b. 1938)
- Madni Miyan (b. 1938)
- Sultan Zauq Nadvi (b. 1939)
- Zia Uddin (b. 1941)
- Taqi Usmani (b. 1943)
- Kamaluddin Zafree (b. 1945)
- Muneeb-ur-Rehman (b. 1945)
- Qamaruzzaman Azmi (b. 1946)
- Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi (b. 1946)
- Abul Qasim Nomani (b. 1947)
- Idrees Dahiri (b. 1947)
- Farid Uddin Chowdhury (b. 1947)
- Farid Uddin Masood (b. 1950)
- Mahmudul Hasan (b. 1950)
- Mukhtaruddin Shah (b. 1950)
- Ilyas Qadri (b. 1950)
- Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi (b. 1951)
- Tahir-ul-Qadri (b. 1951)
- Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi (b. 1953)
- Tariq Jamil (b. 1953)
- Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi (b. 1953)
- Sufyan Qasmi (b. 1954)
- Nurul Islam Walipuri (b. 1955)
- Sajjad Nomani (b. 1955)
- Ghousavi Shah (b. 1955)
- Ameen Mian Quadri (b. 1955)
- Pir Sabir Shah (b. 1955)
- Abu Taher Misbah (b. 1956)
- Kaukab Noorani Okarvi (b. 1957)
- Hamid Saeed Kazmi (b. 1957)
- Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi (b. 1957)
- AFM Khalid Hossain (b. 1959)
- Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari (b. 1959)
- Abdul Aziz Ghazi]] (b. 1960)
- Shakir Ali Noori (b. 1960)
- Ruhul Amin (b. 1962)
- Mizanur Rahman Sayed (b. 1963)
- Hanif Jalandhari (b. 1963)
- Sajidur Rahman (b. 1964)
- Ibrahim Mogra (b. 1965)
- Saad Kandhlawi (b. 1965)
- Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi (b. 1967)
- Arshad Misbahi (b. 1968)
- Abu Reza Nadwi (b. 1968)
- Mahfuzul Haque (b. 1969)
- Ilyas Ghuman (b. 1969)
- Qasim Rashid Ahmad (b. 1970)
- Asjad Raza Khan (b. 1970)
- Syed Rezaul Karim (b. 1971)
- Riyadh ul Haq (b. 1971)
- Obaidullah Hamzah (b. 1972)
- Raza Saqib Mustafai (b. 1972)
- Manzoor Mengal (b. 1973)
- Syed Faizul Karim (b. 1973)
- Mamunul Haque (b. 1973)
- Husamuddin Fultali (b. 1974)
- Abdur Rahman Mangera (b. 1974)
- Faraz Rabbani (b. 1974)
- Adnan Kakakhail (b. 1975)
- Muhammad al-Kawthari (b. 1976)
- Harun Izhar (b. 1977)
- Amer Jamil (b. 1977)
- Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi (b. 1982)
- Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury (b. 1985)
- Abbas Siddiqui (b. 1987)
- Kaif Raza Khan (b. 2001)
- Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi
- Tauqeer Raza Khan
- Subhan Raza Khan
- Abdul Malek Halim
- Izharul Islam Chowdhury
- Amjad M. Mohammed
- Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani
- Mukarram Ahmad
- Abdul Khabeer Azad
- Muzaffar Qadri
- Hanbali
- Maliki
- Shafi'i
- Zahiri