Muhammad Ali Mungeri
Muḥammad Ali Mungeri | |
---|---|
First Chancellor of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama | |
In office 26 September 1898 – 19 July 1903 | |
Preceded by | "office created" |
Succeeded by | Masihuzzaman Khan |
Personal | |
Born | (1846-07-28)28 July 1846 Kanpur, Mughal India |
Died | 13 September 1927(1927-09-13) (aged 81) |
Religion | Islam |
Children | Minnatullah Rahmani (son) |
Notable work(s) | Ā'īna-e-Islām, Sāti' al-Burhān, Barāhīn-e-Qāti'ah, Faisla Āsmāni, Shahādat-e-Āsmāni |
Alma mater | Mazahir Uloom |
Relatives | Wali Rahmani (grandson) |
Organization | |
Founder of |
|
Muḥammad Ali Mungeri (28 July 1846 – 13 September 1927) was an Indian Muslim scholar who was the founder Nadwatul Ulama and first chancellor of its Darul Uloom, a major Islamic seminary in Lucknow. He extensively wrote against Christianity and Ahmadiyya. His books include Ā'īna-e-Islām, Sāti' al-Burhān, Barāhīn-e-Qāti'ah, Faisla Āsmāni and Shahādat-e-Āsmāni.
Muḥammad Ali was a student of Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri and an authorized disciple of Fazl Raḥmān Ganj Murādābādi. He resigned from the Nadwatul Ulama in 1903 and shifted to Munger where he established the Khānqah Raḥmāniya. His son Minnatullah Rahmani was among the founders of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and his grandson Wali Rahmani established the institution of Rahmani30.
Early life and education
Muḥammad Ali Mungeri was born on 28 July 1846 in Kanpur.[1] His ism (given name) was Muḥammad Ali. His nasab (patronymic) is: Muḥammad Ali ibn Abd al-Ali ibn Ghaws Ali ibn Rāhat Ali ibn Amān Ali ibn Nūr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Umar ibn Āshiq Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Shah ibn Atīqullah ibn Qutbuddīn ibn Makhdūm Abu Bakr ibn Bahā al-Haqq Habībullah Multāni ibn Ḥasan ibn Yūsuf ibn Jamāl al-Haqq ibn Ibrāhim ibn Rāji Ḥāmid ibn Mūsa Aḥmad Shibli ibn Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan ibn Abu Saleh ibn Abd al-Razzāq ibn Abdul Qadir Jilani.[1]
Muḥammad Ali studied the Quran with his uncle Zahoor Ali and the primary books of Persian with Abd al-Wāhid Balgrāmi.[2] He was among the early students of the Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam in Kanpur. He studied there with Ināyat Aḥmad Kākori, Sayyid Ḥussain Shah and Lutfullah Aligarhi; however left his studies incomplete as his mother insisted him to marry.[3] Aged 22, Muḥammad Ali was married in Mohiuddinpur, where he stayed for two years. Meanwhile his teacher Lutfullah Aligarhi had moved to Aligarh where he continued his teaching circle at the Madrasa Jāmi' Masjid. Muḥammad Ali shifted to Aligarh and completed his remaining course with Lutfullah Aligarhi.[3] He completed studying rational sciences with Lutfullah and then studied the Sihah Sittah with him.[4] He went to Mazahir Uloom in 1293 AH where he stayed with Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri for nine months and studied the Sihah Sittah, Muwatta Imam Muḥammad and Muwatta Imam Malik with him.[5][6] Muḥammad Ali was an authorized disciple of Shah Fazl-e-Rahman Ganj Muradabadi in Sufism.[7]
Career
Muḥammad Ali started to teach in Dulāri Masjid in Kanpur. Impressed by his teaching method, he was invited by the rector of Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam to teach there. Muḥammad Ali taught there for few months and fell ill and discontinued teaching.[8] Earlier he had taught at this madrasa for about two years before travelling to Saharanpur, where he studied with Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri.[8]
In 1893, during the annual congregation of the Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam, a group of scholars unanimously decided that a permanent council of scholars be formed and its meeting be followed in the next year.[9] They named the council as Nadwatul Ulama and Muḥammad Ali was appointed as its first manager.[9] According to Habībur Raḥmān Khān Sherwāni, Muḥammad Ali was the first person who thought of establishing the institution of Nadwa.[9] In Muharram 1313 AH, he presented his sketch of the Darul Uloom, and five months later, he presented the draft of its educational curriculum, named Musawwada-e Nisāb-e-Arabi.[10] His sketch of the Darul Uloom was unanimously accepted in April 1896 in the meet of the Nadwatul Ulama at Bareily.[11] He is thus referred as the prime founder of the Nadwatul Ulama and its Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, one of the major Islamic seminaries in India.[12] He applied for resignation in Rajab 1313 AH, however it was not approved, and Hakīm Abdul Hai Hasani was appointed as his helper.[13] His resignation was approved on 19 July 1903.[14] He then shifted permanently to Munger.[15]
In 1901, Muḥammad Ali established the Khanqah Rahmāniya in Munger.[12][16] He gave religious and spiritual discourses there. His murids (pupils) in Sufism count about four lakh.[17] He wrote a short treatise on Sufism, entitled Irshād-e-Raḥmāni.[18]
Muḥammad Ali started a newspaper Manshūr-e-Muḥammadi in 1289 AH to curb the spread of Christianity among Indian Muslims. The literature of Christian missionaries Munshi Safdar Ali and Imāduddīn was getting quite famous in that time. Through Manshūr-e-Muḥammadi, Muḥammad Ali wrote in defense of Islam and invited Christian missionaries to debate, who did not reply, and it helped the Muslims with weak faith, to stay upon the religion of Islam.[19] The newspaper stopped after five years as Muḥammad Ali had gone to complete his hadith studies with Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri.[19] Muḥammad Ali also established the Islamic Orphanage Center in Kanpur to help poor Muslim kids so that they do not fell to Christianity. The center taught the Muslims kids, the skills of craftsmanship, besides education.[20]
Literary works
On Christianity
Muḥammad Ali authored Mirat al-Yaqīn criticising Christianity. In this book, he defended Rahmatullah Kairanawi's Ae'jāz-e-Īswi, which Imāduddīn had tried to criticize through Hidāyat al-Muslimīn. In Mirat al-Yaqīn, Muḥammad Ali claimed that the Christian scholars accept that the Bible has been distorted, and whatever Kairanwi had written was right.[21]
In 1297 AH, Muḥammad Ali wrote Ā'īna-e-Islām as a response to Safdar Ali's Nayā Zamāna. He wrote Tarāna-e-Hijāzi in 1295 AH and Daf'a at-Talbisāt in 1302 AH. He later wrote Sāti' al-Burhān and Barāhīn-e-Qāti'ah.[22] He also authored Paighām-e-Muḥammadi, as a response to Safdar Ali's Nayā Zamāna and Adm Zarūrat-e-Qur'ān of Thakur Das. The book is spread over two volumes and is considered Muḥammad Ali's major work.[22]
On Ahmadiyya
Muḥammad Ali was among the prominent Muslim scholars who debated with the Ahmadis. He authored more than one hundred books and articles against them.[23] He wrote Faisla Āsmāni in three volumes.[24] His other books on this include Shahādat-e-Āsmāni, Chashma-e-Hidāyat, Me'yār-e-Sadāqat, Haqīqat al-Masīh and Tanziyah Rabbāni.[25]
Death and legacy
Muḥammad Ali died on 13 September 1927.[12] His son Minnatullah Rahmani was among the founding figures of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board.[26] His grandson Wali Rahmani founded the Rahmani30 institute.[27]
References
Citations
- ^ a b al-Hasani 2016, p. 31.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 32.
- ^ a b al-Hasani 2016, p. 35-36.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 37-38.
- ^ Shahid Saharanpuri. Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt (in Urdu). Vol. 1 (2005 ed.). Saharanpur: Maktaba Yādgār-e-Shaykh. p. 287.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 43-44.
- ^ Arshad 2000, p. 258.
- ^ a b al-Hasani 2016, p. 45-46.
- ^ a b c al-Hasani 2016, p. 107-109.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 135.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 145-146.
- ^ a b c Asir Adrawi (2 April 2016). Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta (in Urdu). Deoband: Darul Muallifeen. p. 235.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 141-142.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 238.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 237.
- ^ "Life and work of Maulana Mohammad Wali Rahmani". Milli Gazette. 24 December 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 296.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 318.
- ^ a b al-Hasani 2016, p. 57-60.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 61.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 66.
- ^ a b al-Hasani 2016, p. 67-71.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 240.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 253.
- ^ al-Hasani 2016, p. 261.
- ^ Noor Alam Khalil Amini (February 2017). "Mawlāna Jalīl-ul-Qadar Aalim-o-Qā'id Amīr-e-Shariat: Hadhrat Mawlāna Sayyid Minatullah Rahmani - Chand Yaadein" [The Great Scholar and Leader, Amīr-e-Shariat: Hadhrat Mawlāna Sayyid Minatullah Rahmani - Few Memories]. Pas-e-Marg-e-Zindah (in Urdu) (5th ed.). Deoband: Idara Ilm-o-Adab. pp. 214–238.
- ^ "Imarat Shariah head passes away in Patna". Times of India. 4 April 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
Works cited
- al-Hasani, Sayyid Muḥammad (May 2016). Sīrat Hadhrat Mawlāna Muḥammad Ali Mungeri: Bāni Nadwatul Ulama (in Urdu) (4 ed.). Lucknow: Majlis Sahāfat-o-Nashriyāt, Nadwatul Ulama. OCLC 1202732841.
- Arshad, Abdur Rashīd (January 2000). "Hadhrat Mawlāna Sayyid Muḥammad Ali Mungeri". In Deobandi, Nawaz (ed.). Sawaneh Ulama-e-Deoband (in Urdu). Vol. 2. Deoband: Nawaz Publications. pp. 254–362.
Further reading
- Khan, Ghazanfar Ali (2015). Nadvat al-Ulama: a centre of Islamic Learning (Thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. pp. 111–114. hdl:10603/49833.
- v
- t
- e
- Abu Hanifa (founder of the school; 699–767)
- Abu Yusuf (738–798)
- Ibn al-Mubarak (726–797)
- Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)
- Yahya ibn Ma'in (774–807)
- Waki' ibn al-Jarrah (d. 812)
- Isa ibn Aban (d. 836)
- Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad (777–854)
- Yahya ibn Aktham (d. 857)
- Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi (d. 869)
- Al-Ḫaṣṣāf (d. 874)
- Abu Bakr al-Samarqandi (d. 882)
- Al-Tahawi (843–933)
- Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944)
- Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (b. 874)
- Al-Jassas (917–981)
- Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (944–983)
- Abu al-Husayn al-Basri (d. 1044)
- Karima al-Marwaziyya (969–1069)
- Ali Hujwiri (1009–1072)
- Al-Bazdawi (1010–1089)
- Al-Sarakhsi (d. 1090)
- Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (1030–1100)
- Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 1115)
- Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi
- Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 1139)
- Ibn al-Malāḥimī (d. 1141)
- Yusuf Hamadani (1062–1141)
- Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (1067–1142)
- Al-Zamakhshari (1074–1143)
- Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 1180)
- Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 1184)
- Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 1185)
- Al-Kasani (d. 1191)
- Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 1197)
- Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani (1135–1197)
- Rumi (1207–1273)
- Jalaluddin Tabrizi (d. 1228)
- Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (1173–1235)
- Mu'in al-Din Chishti (1143–1236)
- Baba Farid (1173–1266)
- Abu Tawwama (d. 1300)
- Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 1310)
- Nizamuddin Auliya (1238–1325)
- Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i (d. 1342)
- Shah Jalal Mujarrad (1271–1346)
- Uthman Siraj ad-Din (1258–1357)
- Ala al-Haq (1301–1384)
- Jahaniyan Jahangasht (1308–1384)
- Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 1384)
- Al-Taftazani (1322–1390)
- Ibn Abi al-Izz (1331–1390)
- Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (1350–1410)
- Al-Sharif al-Jurjani (1339–1414)
- Nur Qutb Alam (d. 1416)
- Shams al-Din al-Fanari (1350–1431)
- 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (1377–1438)
- Husam ad-Din Manikpuri (d. 1449)
- Badr al-Din al-Ayni (1361–1451)
- Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (1388–1457)
- Ali Qushji (1403–1474)
- Khidr Bey (b. 1407)
- Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi (1445–1526)
- Ibn Kemal (1468–1536)
- Abdul Quddus Gangohi (1456–1537)
- Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (1460–1549)
- Fahreddin-i Acemi (d. 1460)
- Muhammad Ghawth (1500–1562)
- Nagore Shahul Hamid (1504–1570)
- Mosleh al-Din Lari (1510–1572)
- Muhammad Birgivi (1522–1573)
- Ebussuud Efendi (1490–1574)
- Hamza Makhdoom (1494–1576)
- Wajihuddin Alvi (1490–1580)
- Taşköprülüzade Ahmet (1495–1561)
- Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri (1521–1595)
- Sadeddin Efendi (1536–1599)
- Mustafa Selaniki (d. 1600)
- Ali al-Qari (d. 1606)
- Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)
- Esad Efendi (1570–1625)
- Kadızade Mehmed (1582–1635)
- 'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (1551–1642)
- Mehmed Efendi (1595–1654)
- Kâtip Çelebi (1609–1657)
- Jana Begum
- Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (1569–1659)
- Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)
- Syed Rafi Mohammad (d. 1679)
- Mir Zahid Harawi (d. 1689)
- Syed Inayatullah (d. 1713)
- Shah Abdur Rahim (1644–1719)
- Zinat-un-Nissa Begum (1643–1721)
- Syed Hayatullah (d. 1722)
- Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (1641–1731)
- Syed Mohammad Zaman (d. 1756)
- Hashim Thattvi (1692–1761)
- Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)
- Shah Nuri Bengali (d. 1785)
- Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (1699–1781)
- Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790)
- Sanaullah Panipati (1730–1810)
- Syed Mohammad Rafi (d. 1803)
- Majduddin (d. 1813)
- Çerkes Halil Efendi (d. 1821)
- Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (1743–1824)
- Shah Abdul Aziz (1746–1824)
- Fatima al-Fudayliya (d. 1831)
- Syed Ahmad Barelvi (1786–1831)
- Syed Mir Nisar Ali (1782–1831)
- Ibn Abidin (1784–1836)
- Haji Shariatullah (1781–1840)
- Shah Muhammad Ishaq (1783–1846)
- Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (1789–1851)
- Mahmud al-Alusi (1802–1854)
- Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796–1861)
- Dudu Miyan (1819–1862)
- Karamat Ali Jaunpuri (1800–1873)
- Al-Maydani (1807–1861)
- Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari (1801–1868)
- Mehr Ali Qadiri (1808–1868)
- Yusuf Ma Dexin (1794–1874)
- Naqi Ali Khan (1830–1880)
- Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (1832–1880)
- Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri (1810–1880)
- Yaqub Nanautawi (1833–1884)
- Mazhar Nanautawi (1821–1885)
- Ubaidullah Suhrawardy (1832–1885)
- Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (1848–1886)
- Siddiq Bharchundi (1819–1890)
- Rafiuddin Deobandi (1836–1890)
- Rahmatullah Kairanawi (1818–1891)
- Mustafa Ruhi Efendi (1800–1891)
- Mahmoodullah Hussaini (d. 1894)
- Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (1817–1899)
- Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri (1834–1899)
- Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (1826–1905)
- Abdul Wahid Bengali (1850–1905)
- Syed Ahmadullah Maizbhandari (1826–1906)
- Fazlur Rahman Usmani (1831–1907)
- Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq (1854–1907)
- Muhammad Naimuddin (1832–1907)
- Hassan Raza Khan (1859–1908)
- Sayyid Muhammad Abid (1834–1912)
- Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (1850–1912)
- Kareemullah Shah (1838–1913)
- Shibli Nomani (1857–1914)
- Najib Ali Choudhury (fl. 1870s)
- Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848–1917)
- Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri (1867–1921)
- Azimuddin Hanafi (1838–1922)
- Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi (1859–1927)
- Hamiduddin Farahi (1863–1930)
- Machiliwale Shah (d. 1932)
- Abdur Rab Jaunpuri (1875–1935)
- Meher Ali Shah (1859–1937)
- Ghulamur Rahman Maizbhandari (1865–1937)
- Muhammad Ishaq (1883–1938)
- Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1845–1939)
- Abd Allah Siraj (1876–1949)
- Khwaja Yunus Ali (1886–1951)
- Nesaruddin Ahmad (1873–1952)
- Al-Kawthari (1879–1952)
- Mustafa Sabri (1869–1954)
- Ghousi Shah (1893–1954)
- Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri (1898–1959)
- Abdul Batin Jaunpuri (1900–1973)
- Momtazuddin Ahmad (1889–1974)
- Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974)
- Amimul Ehsan Barkati (1911–1974)
- Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani (1891–1974)
- Abul Wafa Al Afghani (1893–1975)
- Abdul Majid Daryabadi (1892–1977)
- Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979)
- Abdur Rahim Firozpuri (1918–1987)
- Muntakhib al-Haqq (fl. 1980s)
- Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh (1915–1990)
- Ahmed Muhyuddin Nuri Shah Jilani (1915–1990)
- Sayed Moazzem Hossain (1901–1991)
- Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi (1909–1992)
- Ayub Ali (1919–1995)
- Mukhtar Ashraf (1916–1996)
- Abdul Haque Faridi (1903–1996)
- Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi (1917–1997)
- Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda (1917–1997)
- Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997)
- Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani (1920–1997)
- Naeem Siddiqui (1916–2002)
- Abdul Latif Fultali (1913–2008)
- Muhammad Abdullah (1932–2008)
- Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani (1949–2009)
- Saifur Rahman Nizami (b. 1916)
- Ghulam Rasool Jamaati (b. 1923)
- Syed Waheed Ashraf (b. 1933)
- Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani (b. 1935)
- Muhibbullah Babunagari (b. 1935)
- Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri (b. 1935)
- Abdul Qadir Pakistani (b. 1935)
- Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı (b. 1938)
- Madni Miyan (b. 1938)
- Sultan Zauq Nadvi (b. 1939)
- Zia Uddin (b. 1941)
- Taqi Usmani (b. 1943)
- Kamaluddin Zafree (b. 1945)
- Muneeb-ur-Rehman (b. 1945)
- Qamaruzzaman Azmi (b. 1946)
- Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi (b. 1946)
- Abul Qasim Nomani (b. 1947)
- Idrees Dahiri (b. 1947)
- Farid Uddin Chowdhury (b. 1947)
- Farid Uddin Masood (b. 1950)
- Mahmudul Hasan (b. 1950)
- Mukhtaruddin Shah (b. 1950)
- Ilyas Qadri (b. 1950)
- Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi (b. 1951)
- Tahir-ul-Qadri (b. 1951)
- Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi (b. 1953)
- Tariq Jamil (b. 1953)
- Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi (b. 1953)
- Sufyan Qasmi (b. 1954)
- Nurul Islam Walipuri (b. 1955)
- Sajjad Nomani (b. 1955)
- Ghousavi Shah (b. 1955)
- Ameen Mian Quadri (b. 1955)
- Pir Sabir Shah (b. 1955)
- Abu Taher Misbah (b. 1956)
- Kaukab Noorani Okarvi (b. 1957)
- Hamid Saeed Kazmi (b. 1957)
- Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi (b. 1957)
- AFM Khalid Hossain (b. 1959)
- Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari (b. 1959)
- Abdul Aziz Ghazi]] (b. 1960)
- Shakir Ali Noori (b. 1960)
- Ruhul Amin (b. 1962)
- Mizanur Rahman Sayed (b. 1963)
- Hanif Jalandhari (b. 1963)
- Sajidur Rahman (b. 1964)
- Ibrahim Mogra (b. 1965)
- Saad Kandhlawi (b. 1965)
- Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi (b. 1967)
- Arshad Misbahi (b. 1968)
- Abu Reza Nadwi (b. 1968)
- Mahfuzul Haque (b. 1969)
- Ilyas Ghuman (b. 1969)
- Qasim Rashid Ahmad (b. 1970)
- Asjad Raza Khan (b. 1970)
- Syed Rezaul Karim (b. 1971)
- Riyadh ul Haq (b. 1971)
- Obaidullah Hamzah (b. 1972)
- Raza Saqib Mustafai (b. 1972)
- Manzoor Mengal (b. 1973)
- Syed Faizul Karim (b. 1973)
- Mamunul Haque (b. 1973)
- Husamuddin Fultali (b. 1974)
- Abdur Rahman Mangera (b. 1974)
- Faraz Rabbani (b. 1974)
- Adnan Kakakhail (b. 1975)
- Muhammad al-Kawthari (b. 1976)
- Harun Izhar (b. 1977)
- Amer Jamil (b. 1977)
- Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi (b. 1982)
- Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury (b. 1985)
- Abbas Siddiqui (b. 1987)
- Kaif Raza Khan (b. 2001)
- Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi
- Tauqeer Raza Khan
- Subhan Raza Khan
- Abdul Malek Halim
- Izharul Islam Chowdhury
- Amjad M. Mohammed
- Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani
- Mukarram Ahmad
- Abdul Khabeer Azad
- Muzaffar Qadri
- Hanbali
- Maliki
- Shafi'i
- Zahiri