Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
GNAS |
---|
|
Identifiers |
---|
Aliases | GNAS, AHO, C20orf45, GNAS1, GPSA, GSA, GSP, NESP, POH, SCG6, SgVI, GNAS complex locus, PITA3 |
---|
External IDs | OMIM: 139320; MGI: 95777; HomoloGene: 55534; GeneCards: GNAS; OMA:GNAS - orthologs |
---|
Gene location (Human) |
---|
| Chr. | Chromosome 20 (human)[1] |
---|
| Band | 20q13.32 | Start | 58,839,718 bp[1] |
---|
End | 58,911,192 bp[1] |
---|
|
Gene location (Mouse) |
---|
| Chr. | Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] |
---|
| Band | 2 H4|2 97.89 cM | Start | 174,126,113 bp[2] |
---|
End | 174,188,537 bp[2] |
---|
|
RNA expression pattern |
---|
Bgee | Human | Mouse (ortholog) |
---|
Top expressed in | - beta cell
- postcentral gyrus
- Brodmann area 46
- pituitary gland
- lateral nuclear group of thalamus
- anterior pituitary
- Brodmann area 10
- entorhinal cortex
- superior frontal gyrus
- frontal pole
|
| Top expressed in | - superior cervical ganglion
- entorhinal cortex
- dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
- perirhinal cortex
- pituitary gland
- CA3 field
- human fetus
- central gray substance of midbrain
- median eminence
- dermis
|
| More reference expression data |
|
---|
BioGPS |
| More reference expression data |
|
---|
|
Gene ontology |
---|
Molecular function | - molecular function
- nucleotide binding
- G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding
- GTP binding
- signal transducer activity
- metal ion binding
- protein binding
- GTPase activity
- guanyl nucleotide binding
- adenylate cyclase activator activity
- insulin-like growth factor receptor binding
- mu-type opioid receptor binding
- corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding
- beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding
- ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
- D1 dopamine receptor binding
- G protein-coupled receptor binding
| Cellular component | - cytoplasm
- perinuclear region of cytoplasm
- extracellular region
- transport vesicle
- cytoplasmic vesicle
- nucleus
- cytosol
- trans-Golgi network membrane
- membrane
- plasma membrane
- heterotrimeric G-protein complex
- intrinsic component of membrane
- extracellular exosome
- ruffle
- cell projection
- dendrite
- apical plasma membrane
| Biological process | - female pregnancy
- negative regulation of multicellular organism growth
- response to parathyroid hormone
- protein secretion
- positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis
- hair follicle placode formation
- cellular response to catecholamine stimulus
- adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
- adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
- cognition
- regulation of insulin secretion
- cellular response to glucagon stimulus
- intracellular transport
- positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
- activation of adenylate cyclase activity
- cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus
- adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
- sensory perception of smell
- positive regulation of GTPase activity
- developmental growth
- renal water homeostasis
- bone development
- platelet aggregation
- signal transduction
- G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
- regulation of signal transduction
- skeletal system development
- genetic imprinting
- multicellular organism growth
- positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation
- endochondral ossification
- regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion
- post-embryonic development
- post-embryonic body morphogenesis
- DNA methylation
- cartilage development
- positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
- tissue homeostasis
- sensory perception of chemical stimulus
- embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis
- energy reserve metabolic process
- skin development
- embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
- adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of catalytic activity
| Sources:Amigo / QuickGO |
|
Orthologs |
---|
Species | Human | Mouse |
---|
Entrez | | |
---|
Ensembl | | |
---|
UniProt | | |
---|
RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_000516 NM_001077488 NM_001077489 NM_001077490 NM_001309840
|
---|
NM_001309842 NM_001309861 NM_001309883 NM_016592 NM_080425 NM_080426 |
| NM_001077507 NM_001077510 NM_010309 NM_010310 NM_019690
|
---|
NM_022000 NM_201616 NM_201617 NM_201618 NM_001310083 NM_001310085 NM_001364030 |
|
---|
RefSeq (protein) | NP_000507 NP_001070956 NP_001070957 NP_001070958 NP_001296769
|
---|
NP_001296771 NP_001296790 NP_001296812 NP_057676 NP_536350 NP_536351 NP_000507.1 NP_001070956.1 NP_001070957.1 NP_001070958.1 NP_001296769.1 NP_536350.2 NP_536351.1 NP_001070958.1 NP_001296812.1 NP_001296812.1 NP_536350.2 |
| NP_001070975 NP_001070978 NP_001297012 NP_001297014 NP_034439
|
---|
NP_062664 NP_068840 NP_963910 NP_963911 NP_963912 NP_001350959 NP_001070975.1 NP_001297014.1 NP_034439.2 NP_963911.1 NP_062664.2 NP_068840.2 NP_001070975.1 NP_001297014.1 NP_963911.1 NP_963912.1 |
|
---|
Location (UCSC) | Chr 20: 58.84 – 58.91 Mb | Chr 2: 174.13 – 174.19 Mb |
---|
PubMed search | [3] | [4] |
---|
|
Wikidata |
View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
|
The Gs alpha subunit (Gαs, Gsα) is a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein Gs that stimulates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. Gsα is a GTPase that functions as a cellular signaling protein. Gsα is the founding member of one of the four families of heterotrimeric G proteins, defined by the alpha subunits they contain: the Gαs family, Gαi/Gαo family, Gαq family, and Gα12/Gα13 family.[5] The Gs-family has only two members: the other member is Golf, named for its predominant expression in the olfactory system. In humans, Gsα is encoded by the GNAS complex locus, while Golfα is encoded by the GNAL gene.
Function
The general function of Gs is to activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs function as part of a three-component system of receptor-transducer-effector.[6][7] The transducer in this system is a heterotrimeric G protein, composed of three subunits: a Gα protein such as Gsα, and a complex of two tightly linked proteins called Gβ and Gγ in a Gβγ complex.[6][7] When not stimulated by a receptor, Gα is bound to GDP and to Gβγ to form the inactive G protein trimer.[6][7] When the receptor binds an activating ligand outside the cell (such as a hormone or neurotransmitter), the activated receptor acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor to promote GDP release from and GTP binding to Gα, which drives dissociation of GTP-bound Gα from Gβγ.[6][7] In particular, GTP-bound, activated Gsα binds to adenylyl cyclase to produce the second messenger cAMP, which in turn activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (also called Protein Kinase A or PKA).[6][7] Cellular effects of Gsα acting through PKA are described here.
Although each GTP-bound Gsα can activate only one adenylyl cyclase enzyme, amplification of the signal occurs because one receptor can activate multiple copies of Gs while that receptor remains bound to its activating agonist, and each Gsα-bound adenylyl cyclase enzyme can generate substantial cAMP to activate many copies of PKA.[8]
Receptors
The G protein-coupled receptors that couple to the Gs family proteins include:
See also
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087460 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027523 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Ellis C, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery GPCR Questionnaire Participants (July 2004). "The state of GPCR research in 2004". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 3 (7): 575, 577–626. doi:10.1038/nrd1458. PMID 15272499. S2CID 33620092.
- ^ a b c d e Gilman AG (1987). "G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 56: 615–649. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151. PMID 3113327. S2CID 33992382.
- ^ a b c d e Rodbell M (1995). "Nobel Lecture: Signal transduction: Evolution of an idea". Bioscience Reports. 15 (3): 117–133. doi:10.1007/bf01207453. PMC 1519115. PMID 7579038. S2CID 11025853.
- ^ Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, White LE, eds. (2007). Neuroscience (4th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
External links
- G(s)alpha at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- GNAS+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P63092 (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short) at the PDBe-KB.
|
---|
Activity | |
---|
Regulation | |
---|
Classification | |
---|
Kinetics | |
---|
Types | |
---|
Portal:- Biology